Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter
In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water purification. Purification capacity and seasonal variability of three such CSF facilities for indicator organisms as well as enteric pathogens monit...
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| Published in | Ecological engineering Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 37 - 44 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.05.2008
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water purification. Purification capacity and seasonal variability of three such CSF facilities for indicator organisms as well as enteric pathogens monitored over 9–17 months are presented. Indicator organisms include total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic plate count,
Enterococcus fecalis, actinomycetes, and coliphage. Enteric pathogens include
Escherichia coli 25922,
E. coli O157:H7,
Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Clostridium perfringens,
Staphylococcus aureus,
Proteus mirabilis. All three sites show bacterial removal rate constant (
k
d) in the range of 0.4–1.3
h
−1 which is very high in comparison to the reported values from field as well as lab studies. Log removal for pathogens is typically 2–3 log orders. However, by extended recycling up to 5 log orders removal could be achieved. Among the three sites,
k
d values were in the order of site II
>
site I
>
site III, which is also the order of their commissioning, suggesting that these system matures with age. Low hydraulic retention time (0.5–2.0
h), no pretreatment, high removal efficiency, no mechanical aeration, very low energy requirement, and green ambience are the unique features of CSF. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water purification. Purification capacity and seasonal variability of three such CSF facilities for indicator organisms as well as enteric pathogens monitored over 9-17 months are presented. Indicator organisms include total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic plate count, Enterococcus fecalis, actinomycetes, and coliphage. Enteric pathogens include Escherichia coli 25922, E. coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis. All three sites show bacterial removal rate constant (k sub(d)) in the range of 0.4-1.3h super(-) super(1) which is very high in comparison to the reported values from field as well as lab studies. Log removal for pathogens is typically 2-3 log orders. However, by extended recycling up to 5 log orders removal could be achieved. Among the three sites, k sub(d) values were in the order of site II>site I>site III, which is also the order of their commissioning, suggesting that these system matures with age. Low hydraulic retention time (0.5-2.0h), no pretreatment, high removal efficiency, no mechanical aeration, very low energy requirement, and green ambience are the unique features of CSF. Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) is examined. The objective is to monitor the field performance of CSF media and its reproducibility. It is observed that extreme acidic and alkaline pH has a direct effect on bacterial survival. Alternate drying and wetting cycle subject the system to alternate saturated and unsaturated flow regime, which results into moisture variation in the system. It is shown that CSF works in a soil environment and removes chemical contaminants as well as pathogen in a single facility open to atmosphere. It is shown that by extended recycling, fecal counts less than 10 super(3) CFU/100 mL as per the WHO guideline for wastewater irrigation can be achieved. Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) is examined. It is observed that extreme acidic and alkaline pH has a direct effect on bacterial survival. Alternate drying and wetting cycle subjects the system to alternate saturated and unsaturated flow regime, which results into moisture variation in the system. It is shown that CSF works in a soil environment and removes chemical contaminants as well as pathogen in a single facility open to atmosphere. In India, there is no pathogen level based guideline for sewage discharge into receiving water bodies. The results show that by extended recycling, fecal counts less than 10 super(3) CFU/100 mL as per the WHO guideline for wastewater irrigation can be achieved. In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water purification. Purification capacity and seasonal variability of three such CSF facilities for indicator organisms as well as enteric pathogens monitored over 9-17 months are presented. Indicator organisms include total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic plate count, Enterococcus fecalis, actinomycetes, and coliphage. Enteric pathogens include Escherichia coli 25922, E. coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis. All three sites show bacterial removal rate constant (kd) in the range of 0.4-1.3 h-1 which is very high in comparison to the reported values from field as well as lab studies. Log removal for pathogens is typically 2-3 log orders. However, by extended recycling up to 5 log orders removal could be achieved. Among the three sites, kd values were in the order of site II > site I > site III, which is also the order of their commissioning, suggesting that these system matures with age. Low hydraulic retention time (0.5-2.0 h), no pretreatment, high removal efficiency, no mechanical aeration, very low energy requirement, and green ambience are the unique features of CSF. In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water purification. Purification capacity and seasonal variability of three such CSF facilities for indicator organisms as well as enteric pathogens monitored over 9–17 months are presented. Indicator organisms include total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic plate count, Enterococcus fecalis, actinomycetes, and coliphage. Enteric pathogens include Escherichia coli 25922, E. coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis. All three sites show bacterial removal rate constant ( k d) in the range of 0.4–1.3 h −1 which is very high in comparison to the reported values from field as well as lab studies. Log removal for pathogens is typically 2–3 log orders. However, by extended recycling up to 5 log orders removal could be achieved. Among the three sites, k d values were in the order of site II > site I > site III, which is also the order of their commissioning, suggesting that these system matures with age. Low hydraulic retention time (0.5–2.0 h), no pretreatment, high removal efficiency, no mechanical aeration, very low energy requirement, and green ambience are the unique features of CSF. |
| Author | Shankar, Hariharan S. Nemade, Pravin D. Kadam, Avinash M. Oza, Goldie H. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Avinash M. surname: Kadam fullname: Kadam, Avinash M. email: avinashkadam23@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Goldie H. surname: Oza fullname: Oza, Goldie H. – sequence: 3 givenname: Pravin D. surname: Nemade fullname: Nemade, Pravin D. – sequence: 4 givenname: Hariharan S. surname: Shankar fullname: Shankar, Hariharan S. |
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| Keywords | Pathogen removal Soil Biotechnology Wastewater Bacterial removal rate constant Constructed soil filter (CSF) |
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| Snippet | In this work, a Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) system has been configured for the treatment of wastewater wherein we recreate a soil ecosystem for water... Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) is examined. It is observed that extreme acidic and alkaline pH has a direct effect... Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter (CSF) is examined. The objective is to monitor the field performance of CSF media and its... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bacterial removal rate constant Clostridium perfringens Constructed soil filter (CSF) Enterococcus Klebsiella pneumoniae Pathogen removal Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Soil Biotechnology Staphylococcus aureus Wastewater |
| Title | Pathogen removal from municipal wastewater in Constructed Soil Filter |
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