Febuxostat Compared with Allopurinol in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout

In this randomized trial of patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat, a new nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was compared with allopurinol. The incidence of gout flares was similar in patients treated with allopurinol and febuxostat. Both doses of febuxostat (80...

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Published in	The New England journal of medicine Vol. 353; no. 23; pp. 2450 - 2461
Main Authors	Becker, Michael A, Schumacher, H. Ralph, Wortmann, Robert L, MacDonald, Patricia A, Eustace, Denise, Palo, William A, Streit, Janet, Joseph-Ridge, Nancy
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Boston, MA Massachusetts Medical Society 08.12.2005
Subjects	Allopurinol - adverse effects Allopurinol - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Double-Blind Method Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use Febuxostat Female General aspects Gout - complications Gout - drug therapy Gout - pathology Gout Suppressants - adverse effects Gout Suppressants - therapeutic use Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act 1996-US Humans Hyperuricemia - complications Hyperuricemia - drug therapy Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Middle Aged Other metabolic disorders Purines and pyrimidines (gout, hyperuricemia...) Rodents Thiazoles - adverse effects Thiazoles - therapeutic use Uric Acid - blood Urine Xanthine Oxidase - antagonists & inhibitors Human Hypouricemic agent Enzyme Febuxostat Allopurinol Gout Diseases of the osteoarticular system Enzyme inhibitor Xanthine dehydrogenase Metabolic diseases Patient Uric acid Medicine Hyperuricemia Xanthine oxidase Purine Oxidoreductases Microcrystal Comparative study
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Abstract	In this randomized trial of patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat, a new nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was compared with allopurinol. The incidence of gout flares was similar in patients treated with allopurinol and febuxostat. Both doses of febuxostat (80 and 120 mg) were more effective than 300 mg of allopurinol in lowering uric acid levels. In patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat was compared with allopurinol. The incidence of gout flares was similar, but febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol in lowering uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia, defined as a serum urate concentration exceeding the limit of solubility (about 6.8 mg per deciliter [400 μmol per liter]), is a common biochemical abnormality that reflects supersaturation of the extracellular fluid with urate and predisposes affected persons to gout. The clinical manifestations of gout (acute gouty arthritis, gouty arthropathy, chronic tophaceous gout, uric acid urolithiasis, and gouty nephropathy) result from deposition of monosodium urate or uric acid crystals from supersaturated body fluids. 1 The solubility of monosodium urate in extracellular fluids is influenced by a variety of factors, including pH, temperature, and sodium ion and protein concentrations 2 – 9 ; . . .
AbstractList	Background Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and gout. Methods We randomly assigned 762 patients with gout and with serum urate concentrations of at least 8.0 mg per deciliter (480 μmol per liter) to receive either febuxostat (80 mg or 120 mg) or allopurinol (300 mg) once daily for 52 weeks; 760 received the study drug. Prophylaxis against gout flares with naproxen or colchicine was provided during weeks 1 through 8. The primary end point was a serum urate concentration of less than 6.0 mg per deciliter (360 μmol per liter) at the last three monthly measurements. The secondary end points included reduction in the incidence of gout flares and in tophus area. Results The primary end point was reached in 53 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 62 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 21 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P<0.001 for the comparison of each febuxostat group with the allopurinol group). Although the incidence of gout flares diminished with continued treatment, the overall incidence during weeks 9 through 52 was similar in all groups: 64 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 70 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 64 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P=0.99 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.23 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). The median reduction in tophus area was 83 percent in patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat and 66 percent in those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, as compared with 50 percent in those receiving allopurinol (P=0.08 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.16 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). More patients in the high-dose febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (P=0.003) or the low-dose febuxostat group discontinued the study. Four of the 507 patients in the two febuxostat groups (0.8 percent) and none of the 253 patients in the allopurinol group died; all deaths were from causes that the investigators (while still blinded to treatment) judged to be unrelated to the study drugs (P=0.31 for the comparison between the combined febuxostat groups and the allopurinol group). Conclusions Febuxostat, at a daily dose of 80 mg or 120 mg, was more effective than allopurinol at the commonly used fixed daily dose of 300 mg in lowering serum urate. Similar reductions in gout flares and tophus area occurred in all treatment groups. Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and gout. We randomly assigned 762 patients with gout and with serum urate concentrations of at least 8.0 mg per deciliter (480 micromol per liter) to receive either febuxostat (80 mg or 120 mg) or allopurinol (300 mg) once daily for 52 weeks; 760 received the study drug. Prophylaxis against gout flares with naproxen or colchicine was provided during weeks 1 through 8. The primary end point was a serum urate concentration of less than 6.0 mg per deciliter (360 micromol per liter) at the last three monthly measurements. The secondary end points included reduction in the incidence of gout flares and in tophus area. The primary end point was reached in 53 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 62 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 21 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P<0.001 for the comparison of each febuxostat group with the allopurinol group). Although the incidence of gout flares diminished with continued treatment, the overall incidence during weeks 9 through 52 was similar in all groups: 64 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 70 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 64 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P=0.99 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.23 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). The median reduction in tophus area was 83 percent in patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat and 66 percent in those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, as compared with 50 percent in those receiving allopurinol (P=0.08 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.16 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). More patients in the high-dose febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (P=0.003) or the low-dose febuxostat group discontinued the study. Four of the 507 patients in the two febuxostat groups (0.8 percent) and none of the 253 patients in the allopurinol group died; all deaths were from causes that the investigators (while still blinded to treatment) judged to be unrelated to the study drugs (P=0.31 for the comparison between the combined febuxostat groups and the allopurinol group). Febuxostat, at a daily dose of 80 mg or 120 mg, was more effective than allopurinol at the commonly used fixed daily dose of 300 mg in lowering serum urate. Similar reductions in gout flares and tophus area occurred in all treatment groups. In this randomized trial of patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat, a new nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was compared with allopurinol. The incidence of gout flares was similar in patients treated with allopurinol and febuxostat. Both doses of febuxostat (80 and 120 mg) were more effective than 300 mg of allopurinol in lowering uric acid levels. In patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat was compared with allopurinol. The incidence of gout flares was similar, but febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol in lowering uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia, defined as a serum urate concentration exceeding the limit of solubility (about 6.8 mg per deciliter [400 μmol per liter]), is a common biochemical abnormality that reflects supersaturation of the extracellular fluid with urate and predisposes affected persons to gout. The clinical manifestations of gout (acute gouty arthritis, gouty arthropathy, chronic tophaceous gout, uric acid urolithiasis, and gouty nephropathy) result from deposition of monosodium urate or uric acid crystals from supersaturated body fluids. 1 The solubility of monosodium urate in extracellular fluids is influenced by a variety of factors, including pH, temperature, and sodium ion and protein concentrations 2 – 9 ; . . .
Author	Streit, Janet MacDonald, Patricia A Eustace, Denise Joseph-Ridge, Nancy Schumacher, H. Ralph Becker, Michael A Wortmann, Robert L Palo, William A
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael A surname: Becker fullname: Becker, Michael A – sequence: 2 givenname: H. Ralph surname: Schumacher fullname: Schumacher, H. Ralph – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert L surname: Wortmann fullname: Wortmann, Robert L – sequence: 4 givenname: Patricia A surname: MacDonald fullname: MacDonald, Patricia A – sequence: 5 givenname: Denise surname: Eustace fullname: Eustace, Denise – sequence: 6 givenname: William A surname: Palo fullname: Palo, William A – sequence: 7 givenname: Janet surname: Streit fullname: Streit, Janet – sequence: 8 givenname: Nancy surname: Joseph-Ridge fullname: Joseph-Ridge, Nancy
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17329526$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339094$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Human Hypouricemic agent Enzyme Febuxostat Allopurinol Gout Diseases of the osteoarticular system Enzyme inhibitor Xanthine dehydrogenase Metabolic diseases Patient Uric acid Medicine Hyperuricemia Xanthine oxidase Purine Oxidoreductases Microcrystal Comparative study
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Snippet	In this randomized trial of patients with elevated uric acid levels and gout, febuxostat, a new nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was compared... Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and gout. We... Background Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and...
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SubjectTerms	Allopurinol - adverse effects Allopurinol - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Double-Blind Method Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use Febuxostat Female General aspects Gout - complications Gout - drug therapy Gout - pathology Gout Suppressants - adverse effects Gout Suppressants - therapeutic use Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act 1996-US Humans Hyperuricemia - complications Hyperuricemia - drug therapy Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Middle Aged Other metabolic disorders Purines and pyrimidines (gout, hyperuricemia...) Rodents Thiazoles - adverse effects Thiazoles - therapeutic use Uric Acid - blood Urine Xanthine Oxidase - antagonists & inhibitors
Title	Febuxostat Compared with Allopurinol in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout
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