The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling

• Published in: Nature Reviews: Immunology Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. 353 - 364
• Main Authors: O'Neill, Luke A. J., Bowie, Andrew G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.05.2007; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Adaptor proteins; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - physiology; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - metabolism; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - physiology; Amino acids; Animals; Apoptosis; Armadillo Domain Proteins - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Bruton's tyrosine kinase; Cytokines; Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism; DNA binding proteins; Humans; Immunology; Interferon; Interferon regulatory factor 1; Interferon regulatory factor 3; Interferon regulatory factor 7; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 18; Kinases; Ligands; MyD88 protein; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism; NF-κB protein; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate; Physiological aspects; Protein kinase C; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Proteins; review-article; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - physiology; SOCS-1 protein; TLR2 protein; TLR3 protein; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptors; Toll-Like Receptors - physiology; Transcription activation; Transcription factors; β-Interferon; γ-Interferon; Ireland

Key Points TLR (Toll-like receptor) signal transduction involves five adaptor proteins. MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88), MAL (MyD88-adaptor-like protein), TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β (IFNβ)) and TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule) are r...