Evaluating the Use of Sacran, a Polysaccharide Isolated from Aphanothece sacrum, as a Possible Microbicide for Preventing HIV-1 Infection
Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmiss...
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| Published in | Viruses Vol. 16; no. 9; p. 1501 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission. |
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| AbstractList | Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium
that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission. Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission. Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission. Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission.Since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the AIDS mortality rate has markedly decreased, and convalescence in individuals with HIV has improved drastically. However, sexual transmission has made HIV-1 a global epidemic. Sacran is a megamolecular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum that exhibits numerous desirable characteristics for transdermic applications, such as safety as a biomaterial, a high moisture retention effect, the ability to form a film and hydrogel, and an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 effects in sacran as a barrier to HIV-1 transmission. Sacran inhibited HIV-1 infection and envelope-dependent cell-to-cell fusion. Moreover, we used a Transwell assay to confirm that sacran inhibited viral diffusion and captured viruses. The synergistic effects of sacran and other anti-HIV infection drugs were also evaluated. HIV-1 infections can be reduced through the synergistic effects of sacran and anti-HIV-1 drugs. Our study suggests using sacran gel to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kariya, Ryusho Okada, Seiji Matsuda, Kouki Maeda, Kenji |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; kmatsuda@kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp (K.M.); ryusho@kumamoto-u.ac.jp (R.K.) 2 Division of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; kmaeda@kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; kmatsuda@kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp (K.M.); ryusho@kumamoto-u.ac.jp (R.K.) – name: 2 Division of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; kmaeda@kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kouki orcidid: 0000-0002-4757-7128 surname: Matsuda fullname: Matsuda, Kouki – sequence: 2 givenname: Ryusho surname: Kariya fullname: Kariya, Ryusho – sequence: 3 givenname: Kenji surname: Maeda fullname: Maeda, Kenji – sequence: 4 givenname: Seiji orcidid: 0000-0003-3124-5206 surname: Okada fullname: Okada, Seiji |
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| SubjectTerms | Acids Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology Anti-infective agents Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology anti-inflammatory activity antiretroviral agents Antiretroviral drugs Antiretroviral therapy Antiviral agents Aphanothece Aphanothece sacrum biocompatible materials Biomaterials Cell fusion Cell Line Complications and side effects Convalescence Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria - chemistry Cytotoxicity Disease transmission disinfectants Dosage and administration Drug development Drug resistance GLP-1 receptor agonists Health aspects HIV HIV (Viruses) HIV infections HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 HIV-1 - drug effects Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans hydrogels Immune system immunosuppression Infections Lymphocytes microbicide mortality Penicillin Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - pharmacology Polysaccharides, Bacterial - pharmacology Polyvinyl alcohol Prevention Reagents Risk factors sacran Sacrum Sexually transmitted diseases Software STD therapeutics Viral infections Virus Internalization - drug effects Viruses |
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| Title | Evaluating the Use of Sacran, a Polysaccharide Isolated from Aphanothece sacrum, as a Possible Microbicide for Preventing HIV-1 Infection |
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