Chloroplast DNA phylogeography suggests a West African centre of origin for the baobab, Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)
The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding...
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| Published in | Molecular ecology Vol. 18; no. 8; pp. 1707 - 1715 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.04.2009
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0962-1083 1365-294X 1365-294X |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04144.x |
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| Abstract | The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata, or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human‐mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal. |
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| AbstractList | The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata, or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human-mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal. The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata, or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human-mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata, or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human-mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal.The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata, or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human-mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal. The African baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical distribution comprises most of tropical Africa, but also small patches of southern Arabia, and several Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands surrounding the African continent, notably including Madagascar. We analysed the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism of five chloroplast DNA fragments obtained from 344 individuals of A. digitata collected from 74 populations covering the entire extant distribution range of the species. Our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeographical history of the species and, if possible, to identify its centre of origin, which has been a subject of controversy for many decades. We identified five haplotypes whose distribution is clearly geographically structured. Using several species of Adansonia and of closely related genera as outgroups, the haplotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups. Two are phylogenetically related to the outgroup taxa, and are distributed in West Africa. The third group is substantially more differentiated genetically from outgroup species, and it corresponds to southern and eastern Africa, Arabia and the Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar. According to our results, the tetraploid A. digitata , or its diploid progenitor, probably originated in West Africa and migrated subsequently throughout the tropical parts of that continent, and beyond, by natural and human‐mediated terrestrial and overseas dispersal. |
| Author | RAOSETA, SOAHARIN'NY ONY RAKOTONDRALAMBO DANTHU, PASCAL POCK TSY, JEAN-MICHEL LEONG LUMARET, ROSELYNE SAGNA, MAURICE VALL, ABDALLAHI OULD MOHAMED ABUTABA, YAHIA I. M. MAYNE, DIANA |
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| Keywords | cpDNA PCR-RFLP variation Bombacoideae African baobab Adansonia digitata L phylogeography |
| Language | English |
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Plant Systematics and Evolution, 271, 101-122. Aubréville A (1975) Essais de géophylétique de Bombacacées. Adansonia Sér, 2 (15), 57-64. Weeks A, Daly DC, Simpson BB (2005) The phylogenetic history and biogeography of the frankincense and myrrh family (Burseraceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35, 85-101. Lumaret R (1988) Adaptive strategies and ploidy levels. Acta Oecologica, Oecologia Plantarum, 9, 83-93. Monod T (1960) Notes botaniques sur les îles de São Tomé et de Principe. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 22, 19-83. Wickens GE (1982) The baobab-Africa's upside-down tree. Kew Bulletin, 37, 173-209. Pons O, Petit RJ (1995) estimation, variance and optimal sampling of gene diversity. I. Haploid locus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 90, 462-470. Chevalier A (1906) Les baobabs (Adansonia) de l'Afrique continentale. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 53, 480-496. Gao LM, Möller M, Zhang XM et al . (2007) High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) in China and North Vietnam. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4684-4696. Meve U, Liede S (2002) Floristic exchange between mainland Africa and Madagascar: case studies in Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 865-873. Jimenez P, Lopez de Heredia U, Collada C, Lorenzo Z, Gil L (2004) High variability of chloroplast DNA in three Mediterranean evergreen oaks indicates complex evolutionary history. Heredity, 93, 510-515. Swart ER (1963) Age of the baobab tree. Nature, 198, 708-709. Alverson WS, Whitlock B, Nyfeller R, Bayer C, Baum DA (1999) Phylogeny of the core Malvales from NDHL sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 86, 1474-1486. Dumolin-Lapègue S, Pemonge MH, Petit RJ (1997) An enlarged set of consensus primers for the study of organelle DNA in plants. Molecular Ecology, 6, 393-397. Demesure B, Sodzi N, Petit RJ (1995) A set of universal primers for amplification of polymorphic non-coding regions of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA in plants. Molecular Ecology, 4, 129-131. Vendramin GG, Fady B, González-Martinez C et al . (2008) Genetically depauperate but widespread: the case of an emblematic Mediterranean pine. Evolution, 62, 680-688. Dick CW, Abdul-Salim K, Bermingham Dick E (2003) Molecular systematic analysis reveals cryptic tertiary diversification of a widespread tropical rain forest tree. American Naturalist, 162, 691-703. Wickens GE (1979) Speculations on seed dispersal and the flora of the Aldabra archipelago. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 286, 85-97. De Queiroz A (2004) The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 68-73. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Tate JA (2003) Advances in the study of polyploidy since Plant speciation. New Phytologist, 161, 173-191. Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16, 37-48. Dick CW, Bermingham E, Lemes MR, Gribel R (2007) Extreme long-distance dispersal of the lowland tropical rainforest tree Ceiba pentandra L. (Malvaceae) in Africa and the Neotropics. Molecular Ecology, 16, 3039-3049. 2004; 20 1982; 37 1963; 198 1979; 286 1995; 90 1906; 53 2008 1999; 86 1996; 144 2003 2002 2004; 91 1997; 6 1995; 4 1979 1994; 43 1998; 47 2007; 16 1995; 82 1960; 22 2002; 29 2004; 93 1988; 9 2000 1999; 16 1995; 23 2003; 162 2005; 96 2003; 161 1975; 2 2001; 1 2007; 62 1983; 29 2008; 62 1994; 10 2008; 271 2005; 35 2005; 14 2007; 27 e_1_2_6_32_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 Leigh EG (e_1_2_6_23_1) 2007; 62 e_1_2_6_19_1 Armstrong PH (e_1_2_6_4_1) 1983; 29 e_1_2_6_13_1 Danthu P (e_1_2_6_14_1) 1995; 23 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_35_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 Armstrong PH (e_1_2_6_3_1) 1979 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 Monod T (e_1_2_6_29_1) 1960; 22 e_1_2_6_39_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 Aubréville A (e_1_2_6_5_1) 1975; 2 Baum DA (e_1_2_6_8_1) 2003 e_1_2_6_41_1 e_1_2_6_40_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 Bingham MG (e_1_2_6_12_1) 1994; 10 Swofford D (e_1_2_6_37_1) 2000 Kubitzki K (e_1_2_6_22_1) 2002 De Queiroz A (e_1_2_6_33_1) 2004; 20 e_1_2_6_7_1 Lumaret R (e_1_2_6_24_1) 1988; 9 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Wickens GE, Lowe P (2008) The Baobabs, Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. – reference: Gao LM, Möller M, Zhang XM et al . (2007) High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) in China and North Vietnam. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4684-4696. – reference: Pons O, Petit RJ (1996) Measuring and testing genetic differentiation with ordered versus unordered alleles. Genetics, 144, 1237-1245. – reference: Monod T (1960) Notes botaniques sur les îles de São Tomé et de Principe. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 22, 19-83. – reference: Chevalier A (1906) Les baobabs (Adansonia) de l'Afrique continentale. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 53, 480-496. – reference: Bingham MG (1994) Did the Baobabs originate in Madagascar? 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| Snippet | The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical... The African baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic, culturally important, and physically huge tropical tree species whose natural geographical... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adansonia Adansonia - genetics Adansonia digitata Adansonia digitata L Africa, Western African baobab Atlantic Ocean Islands Biodiversity and Ecology Biogeography Bombacoideae Botany center of origin chloroplast DNA Chloroplasts cpDNA PCR-RFLP variation Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Chloroplast - genetics Ecology Environmental Sciences Evolution, Molecular Genetics, Population Geographical distribution Geography Germination Haplotypes Islands Madagascar Malvaceae Molecular biology Phylogeny phylogeography Plant species Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Seawater Seeds - growth & development Sequence Analysis, DNA Taxa trees Western Africa |
| Title | Chloroplast DNA phylogeography suggests a West African centre of origin for the baobab, Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) |
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