Cumulative environmental risk assessment of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ship activities in ports

Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessme...

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Published in	Marine pollution bulletin Vol. 189; p. 114805
Main Authors	Lunde Hermansson, Anna, Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Ytreberg, Erik
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2023
Subjects	Cumulative risk environmental assessment Environmental Monitoring - methods fate and transport models hydrodynamics Marine environment marine pollution Metals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Risk Assessment Ship pollution Ships traffic Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Marine environment Ship pollution Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Metals Cumulative risk
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ISSN	0025-326X 1879-3363 1879-3363
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114805

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Abstract	Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge. [Display omitted] •Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships result in unacceptable risk.•Antifouling and scrubbers are the main contributors to the cumulative risk in ports.•Current risk assessment of scrubbers is not providing adequate protection.•Stricter regulations on ship-activities would reduce contaminant load in ports.
AbstractList	Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge. [Display omitted] •Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships result in unacceptable risk.•Antifouling and scrubbers are the main contributors to the cumulative risk in ports.•Current risk assessment of scrubbers is not providing adequate protection.•Stricter regulations on ship-activities would reduce contaminant load in ports. Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge. Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge.Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge.
ArticleNumber	114805
Author	Lunde Hermansson, Anna Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Hassellöv, Ida-Maja Ytreberg, Erik
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Keywords	Marine environment Ship pollution Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Metals Cumulative risk
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Snippet	Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants,...
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SubjectTerms	Cumulative risk environmental assessment Environmental Monitoring - methods fate and transport models hydrodynamics Marine environment marine pollution Metals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Risk Assessment Ship pollution Ships traffic Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Title	Cumulative environmental risk assessment of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ship activities in ports
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