Associations between airborne crude oil chemicals and symptom-based asthma

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM2.5 from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthm...

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Published inEnvironment international Vol. 167; p. 107433
Main Authors Lawrence, Kaitlyn G., Niehoff, Nicole M., Keil, Alexander P., Braxton Jackson, W., Christenbury, Kate, Stewart, Patricia A., Stenzel, Mark R., Huynh, Tran B., Groth, Caroline P., Ramachandran, Gurumurthy, Banerjee, Sudipto, Pratt, Gregory C., Curry, Matthew D., Engel, Lawrence S., Sandler, Dale P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2022
Elsevier
Subjects
Asthma
Asthma - epidemiology
Benzene - analysis
BTEX-H
Humans
Hydrocarbons - analysis
Mixtures
Oil spills
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Particulate Matter - analysis
Petroleum - adverse effects
Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects
Petroleum Pollution - analysis
Prospective Studies
Total hydrocarbons
Volatile organic compounds
BTEX-H
Volatile organic compounds
Total hydrocarbons
Mixtures
Asthma
Oil spills
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Abstract The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM2.5 from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthma risk among oil spill cleanup workers. Objectives: We assessed the relationship between asthma and several oil spill-related exposures including job classes, THC, individual BTEX-H chemicals, the BTEX-H mixture, and PM2.5 using data from the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study, a prospective cohort of 24,937 cleanup workers and 7,671 nonworkers following the DWH disaster. Our analysis largely focused on the 19,018 workers without asthma before the spill who had complete exposure, outcome, and covariate information. We defined incident asthma 1–3 years following exposure using both self-reported wheeze and self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma. THC and BTEX-H were assigned to participants based on measurement data and work histories, while PM2.5 used modeled estimates. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between spill-related exposures and asthma and a quantile-based g-computation approach to explore the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture on asthma risk. OSRC workers had greater asthma risk than nonworkers (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85). Higher estimated THC exposure levels were associated with increased risk in an exposure-dependent manner (linear trend test p < 0.0001). Asthma risk also increased with increasing exposure to individual BTEX-H chemicals and the chemical mixture: A simultaneous quartile increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with an increased asthma risk of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.35,1.55). With fewer cases, associations were less apparent for physician-diagnosed asthma alone. THC and BTEX-H were associated with increased asthma risk defined using wheeze symptoms as well as a physician diagnosis.
AbstractList The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthma risk among oil spill cleanup workers. We assessed the relationship between asthma and several oil spill-related exposures including job classes, THC, individual BTEX-H chemicals, the BTEX-H mixture, and PM using data from the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study, a prospective cohort of 24,937 cleanup workers and 7,671 nonworkers following the DWH disaster. Our analysis largely focused on the 19,018 workers without asthma before the spill who had complete exposure, outcome, and covariate information. We defined incident asthma 1-3 years following exposure using both self-reported wheeze and self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma. THC and BTEX-H were assigned to participants based on measurement data and work histories, while PM used modeled estimates. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between spill-related exposures and asthma and a quantile-based g-computation approach to explore the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture on asthma risk. OSRC workers had greater asthma risk than nonworkers (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85). Higher estimated THC exposure levels were associated with increased risk in an exposure-dependent manner (linear trend test p < 0.0001). Asthma risk also increased with increasing exposure to individual BTEX-H chemicals and the chemical mixture: A simultaneous quartile increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with an increased asthma risk of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.35,1.55). With fewer cases, associations were less apparent for physician-diagnosed asthma alone. THC and BTEX-H were associated with increased asthma risk defined using wheeze symptoms as well as a physician diagnosis.
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM2.5 from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthma risk among oil spill cleanup workers. Objectives: We assessed the relationship between asthma and several oil spill-related exposures including job classes, THC, individual BTEX-H chemicals, the BTEX-H mixture, and PM2.5 using data from the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study, a prospective cohort of 24,937 cleanup workers and 7,671 nonworkers following the DWH disaster. Our analysis largely focused on the 19,018 workers without asthma before the spill who had complete exposure, outcome, and covariate information. We defined incident asthma 1–3 years following exposure using both self-reported wheeze and self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma. THC and BTEX-H were assigned to participants based on measurement data and work histories, while PM2.5 used modeled estimates. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between spill-related exposures and asthma and a quantile-based g-computation approach to explore the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture on asthma risk. OSRC workers had greater asthma risk than nonworkers (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85). Higher estimated THC exposure levels were associated with increased risk in an exposure-dependent manner (linear trend test p < 0.0001). Asthma risk also increased with increasing exposure to individual BTEX-H chemicals and the chemical mixture: A simultaneous quartile increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with an increased asthma risk of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.35,1.55). With fewer cases, associations were less apparent for physician-diagnosed asthma alone. THC and BTEX-H were associated with increased asthma risk defined using wheeze symptoms as well as a physician diagnosis.
Rationale: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes and n-hexane (BTEX-H) from crude oil and PM2.5 from burning/flaring oil and natural gas. Little is known about asthma risk among oil spill cleanup workers. Objectives: We assessed the relationship between asthma and several oil spill-related exposures including job classes, THC, individual BTEX-H chemicals, the BTEX-H mixture, and PM2.5 using data from the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study, a prospective cohort of 24,937 cleanup workers and 7,671 nonworkers following the DWH disaster. Methods: Our analysis largely focused on the 19,018 workers without asthma before the spill who had complete exposure, outcome, and covariate information. We defined incident asthma 1–3 years following exposure using both self-reported wheeze and self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma. THC and BTEX-H were assigned to participants based on measurement data and work histories, while PM2.5 used modeled estimates. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between spill-related exposures and asthma and a quantile-based g-computation approach to explore the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture on asthma risk. Results: OSRC workers had greater asthma risk than nonworkers (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.85). Higher estimated THC exposure levels were associated with increased risk in an exposure-dependent manner (linear trend test p < 0.0001). Asthma risk also increased with increasing exposure to individual BTEX-H chemicals and the chemical mixture: A simultaneous quartile increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with an increased asthma risk of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.35,1.55). With fewer cases, associations were less apparent for physician-diagnosed asthma alone. Conclusions: THC and BTEX-H were associated with increased asthma risk defined using wheeze symptoms as well as a physician diagnosis.
ArticleNumber 107433
Author Ramachandran, Gurumurthy
Stewart, Patricia A.
Niehoff, Nicole M.
Christenbury, Kate
Stenzel, Mark R.
Groth, Caroline P.
Engel, Lawrence S.
Lawrence, Kaitlyn G.
Pratt, Gregory C.
Keil, Alexander P.
Banerjee, Sudipto
Braxton Jackson, W.
Curry, Matthew D.
Huynh, Tran B.
Sandler, Dale P.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global and Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
3 Social and Scientific Systems Inc., a DLH Holdings company, Durham, North Carolina, USA
4 Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
7 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26506 USA
9 Department of Biostatistics, Suite: 51-254 CHS. UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
1 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
5 Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
8 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
6 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
10 University of Min
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Keywords BTEX-H
Volatile organic compounds
Total hydrocarbons
Mixtures
Asthma
Oil spills
Language English
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Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Notes KGL, MC, LE, DPS contributed to the study design. KGL, NN, BJ, KC, PS, MRS, TBH, CPG, GR, SB, MC, LSE, DPS participated in data collection of the study. KGL, NN, BJ, KC, PS, MRS, TBH, CPG, GR, SB conducted data analysis for this manuscript. KGL, NN, AK, PS, MS, LE, DPS aided in interpretation of analysis and results. KGL and DPS drafted manuscript. All authors provided meaningful critical review of manuscript.
Author contributions
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Snippet The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene,...
Rationale: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to airborne total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, toluene,...
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StartPage 107433
SubjectTerms Asthma
Asthma - epidemiology
Benzene - analysis
BTEX-H
Humans
Hydrocarbons - analysis
Mixtures
Oil spills
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Particulate Matter - analysis
Petroleum - adverse effects
Petroleum Pollution - adverse effects
Petroleum Pollution - analysis
Prospective Studies
Total hydrocarbons
Volatile organic compounds
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Title Associations between airborne crude oil chemicals and symptom-based asthma
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