Calibrating animal‐borne proximity loggers

Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free‐ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal‐attached ‘proximity loggers’, which...

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Published inMethods in ecology and evolution Vol. 6; no. 6; pp. 656 - 667
Main Authors Rutz, Christian, Morrissey, Michael B., Burns, Zackory T., Burt, John, Otis, Brian, St Clair, James J. H., James, Richard, Lecomte, Nicolas
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2015
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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ISSN2041-210X
2041-210X
DOI10.1111/2041-210X.12370

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Abstract Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free‐ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal‐attached ‘proximity loggers’, which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter‐logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle – the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance – calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments. In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity‐logging system (‘Encounternet’) for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger‐to‐logger (and, hence, crow‐to‐crow) distances from logger‐recorded signal‐strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow‐borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations. We show that, using signal‐strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field‐deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows – like most other study species – associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal‐attenuation properties. Our study demonstrates that well‐calibrated proximity‐logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free‐ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study‐specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi‐step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
AbstractList Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free‐ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal‐attached ‘proximity loggers’, which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter‐logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle – the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance – calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments. In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity‐logging system (‘Encounternet’) for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger‐to‐logger (and, hence, crow‐to‐crow) distances from logger‐recorded signal‐strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow‐borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations. We show that, using signal‐strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field‐deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows – like most other study species – associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal‐attenuation properties. Our study demonstrates that well‐calibrated proximity‐logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free‐ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study‐specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi‐step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free‐ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal‐attached ‘proximity loggers’, which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter‐logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle – the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance – calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments.In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity‐logging system (‘Encounternet’) for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger‐to‐logger (and, hence, crow‐to‐crow) distances from logger‐recorded signal‐strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow‐borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations.We show that, using signal‐strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field‐deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows – like most other study species – associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal‐attenuation properties.Our study demonstrates that well‐calibrated proximity‐logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free‐ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study‐specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi‐step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free‐ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal‐attached ‘proximity loggers’, which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter‐logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle – the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance – calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments. In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity‐logging system (‘Encounternet’) for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides . Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger‐to‐logger (and, hence, crow‐to‐crow) distances from logger‐recorded signal‐strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow‐borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations. We show that, using signal‐strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field‐deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows – like most other study species – associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal‐attenuation properties. Our study demonstrates that well‐calibrated proximity‐logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free‐ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study‐specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi‐step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free-ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal-attached 'proximity loggers', which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter-logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle - the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance - calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments.In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity-logging system ('Encounternet') for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows . Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust estimation of logger-to-logger (and, hence, crow-to-crow) distances from logger-recorded signal-strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow-borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations.We show that, using signal-strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field-deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows - like most other study species - associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal-attenuation properties.Our study demonstrates that well-calibrated proximity-logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free-ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study-specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi-step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free-ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal-attached 'proximity loggers', which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter-logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle - the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance - calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments. In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity-logging system ('Encounternet') for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger-to-logger (and, hence, crow-to-crow) distances from logger-recorded signal-strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow-borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations. We show that, using signal-strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field-deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows - like most other study species - associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal-attenuation properties. Our study demonstrates that well-calibrated proximity-logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free-ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study-specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi-step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
1. Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably record encounters in free-ranging subjects. A particularly promising approach is the use of animal-attached 'proximity loggers', which collect data on the incidence, duration and proximity of spatial associations through inter-logger radio communication. While proximity logging is based on a straightforward physical principle - the attenuation of propagating radio waves with distance - calibrating systems for field deployment is challenging, since most study species roam across complex, heterogeneous environments. 2. In this study, we calibrated a recently developed digital proximity-logging system ('Encounternet') for deployment on a wild population of New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Our principal objective was to establish a quantitative model that enables robust post hoc estimation of logger-to-logger (and, hence, crow-to-crow) distances from logger-recorded signal-strength values. To achieve an accurate description of the radio communication between crow-borne loggers, we conducted a calibration exercise that combines theoretical analyses, field experiments, statistical modelling, behavioural observations, and computer simulations. 3. We show that, using signal-strength information only, it is possible to assign crow encounters reliably to predefined distance classes, enabling powerful analyses of social dynamics. For example, raw data sets from field-deployed loggers can be filtered at the analysis stage to include predominantly encounters where crows would have come to within a few metres of each other, and could therefore have socially learned new behaviours through direct observation. One of the main challenges for improving data classification further is the fact that crows - like most other study species - associate across a wide variety of habitats and behavioural contexts, with different signal-attenuation properties. 4. Our study demonstrates that well-calibrated proximity-logging systems can be used to chart social associations of free-ranging animals over a range of biologically meaningful distances. At the same time, however, it highlights that considerable efforts are required to conduct study-specific system calibrations that adequately account for the biological and technological complexities of field deployments. Although we report results from a particular case study, the basic rationale of our multi-step calibration exercise applies to many other tracking systems and study species.
Author Burns, Zackory T.
Morrissey, Michael B.
Otis, Brian
Rutz, Christian
James, Richard
St Clair, James J. H.
Burt, John
Lecomte, Nicolas
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
4 Department of Physics and Centre for Networks and Collective Behaviour University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
5 Present address: School of Biology Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK
2 School of Biology Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK
1 Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
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Issue 6
Keywords direct and indirect encounter mapping
animal social network
reality mining
business card tag
transceiver tag
wireless sensor network
contact network
Encounternet
Corvus moneduloides
biologging
Language English
License Attribution
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Snippet Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can...
Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably...
Summary Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can...
1. Growing interest in the structure and dynamics of animal social networks has stimulated efforts to develop automated tracking technologies that can reliably...
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StartPage 656
SubjectTerms Animal behavior
animal social network
Behavioral Ecology
biologging
business card tag
Calibration
Computer simulation
contact network
Corvus moneduloides
Data collection
direct and indirect encounter mapping
Encounternet
Field tests
Mathematical models
Proximity
Radio attenuation
Radio communications
Radio waves
reality mining
Social networks
Social organization
Species
Statistical models
Tracking systems
transceiver tag
Wave attenuation
Wave propagation
wireless sensor network
Title Calibrating animal‐borne proximity loggers
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2F2041-210X.12370
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27547298
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1689912219
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2374199065
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1701475611
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1835519023
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4974916
Volume 6
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