Maternal Undernutrition and Breast Milk Macronutrient Content Are Not Associated with Weight in Breastfed Infants at 1 and 3 Months after Delivery

This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained b...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 18; p. 3315
Main Authors Minato, Takafumi, Nomura, Kyoko, Asakura, Hitomi, Aihara, Ayaka, Hiraike, Haruko, Hino, Yuko, Isojima, Tsuyoshi, Kodama, Hiroko
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 09.09.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Baby foods
Body Weight
Breast Feeding
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn - growth & development
Infant, Newborn - physiology
Malnutrition - epidemiology
Malnutrition - etiology
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Milk, Human - chemistry
Nutrients - analysis
Nutrition
Prevalence
Studies
Time Factors
Tokyo - epidemiology
Womens health
Tokyo
Japan
breast milk
macronutrient content
infant weight
breastfed infant
undernutrition
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Abstract This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 (n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2 and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.
AbstractList This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 (n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2 and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 (n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2 and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.
This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 (n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2 and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.
[...]the prevalence of low birthweight infants in Japan has exceeded the average of 6.5% among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and reached >9% over the past 15 years [2,3,12]. [...]in 2001, the Japanese government set a goal to reduce this percentage, but no significant progress has been made to date. A positive correlation has been reported between dietary lipid intake and lipid levels in breast milk, but the sample sizes in these studies were very small [23,24]. [...]evidence is still required to clarify whether maternal nutrition affects breast milk components, and the extent of any influence on infant growth. [...]92 (71.3%) and 57 (44.2%) subjects (mean age 34.3 years) were included in the analyses at 1 and 3 months after delivery, respectively. To assess the generalizability of our findings, we conducted a test of significance using the t-test to investigate differences in the population mean between nutritional intakes of mothers in the present study (measured by the FFQ) and those of lactating women in the 2007–2011 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey measured by semi-weighed dietary records.
This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 ( = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.
This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 ( n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m 2 and 9.6 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 ± 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery.
Author Kodama, Hiroko
Hino, Yuko
Aihara, Ayaka
Nomura, Kyoko
Hiraike, Haruko
Isojima, Tsuyoshi
Minato, Takafumi
Asakura, Hitomi
AuthorAffiliation 1 School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita city 010-8543, Japan
6 Department of Health and Dietetics, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4 Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
5 Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan (Y.H.) (T.I.)
3 Department of Nutrition, Teikyo University Hospital, 2-11-1Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan (H.A.) (A.A.)
2 Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita city 010-8543, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita city 010-8543, Japan
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– name: 5 Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan (Y.H.) (T.I.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31505822$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 18
Keywords breast milk
macronutrient content
infant weight
breastfed infant
undernutrition
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Snippet This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129...
[...]the prevalence of low birthweight infants in Japan has exceeded the average of 6.5% among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries...
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StartPage 3315
SubjectTerms Baby foods
Body Weight
Breast Feeding
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn - growth & development
Infant, Newborn - physiology
Malnutrition - epidemiology
Malnutrition - etiology
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Milk, Human - chemistry
Nutrients - analysis
Nutrition
Prevalence
Studies
Time Factors
Tokyo - epidemiology
Womens health
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Title Maternal Undernutrition and Breast Milk Macronutrient Content Are Not Associated with Weight in Breastfed Infants at 1 and 3 Months after Delivery
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31505822
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2329562919
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2288711765
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6765925
Volume 16
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