The barley amo1 locus is tightly linked to the starch synthase IIIa gene and negatively regulates expression of granule-bound starch synthetic genes

In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex6 locus and the amo1 locus has been characterized. Four barley genotypes, the wild type, sex6, amo1, and the amo1sex6 double mutant, were generated by backcrossing the sex6 mutation present in Himalaya292 into the...

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Published inJournal of experimental botany Vol. 62; no. 14; pp. 5217 - 5231
Main Authors Li, Zhongyi, Li, Dehong, Du, Xihua, Wang, Hong, Larroque, Oscar, Jenkins, Colin L. D., Jobling, Stephen A., Morell, Matthew K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Oxford University Press 01.10.2011
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Abstract In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex6 locus and the amo1 locus has been characterized. Four barley genotypes, the wild type, sex6, amo1, and the amo1sex6 double mutant, were generated by backcrossing the sex6 mutation present in Himalaya292 into the amo1 'high amylose Glacier'. The wild type, amo1, and sex6 genotypes gave starch phenotypes consistent with previous studies. However, the amo1sex6 double mutant yielded an unexpected phenotype, a significant increase in starch content relative to the sex6 phenotype. Amylose content (as a percentage of starch) was not increased above the level observed for the sex6 mutation alone; however, on a per seed basis, grain from lines containing the amo1 mutation (amo1 mutants and amo1sex6 double mutants) synthesize significantly more amylose than the wild-type lines and sex6 mutants. The level of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) protein in starch granules is increased in lines containing the amo1 mutation (amo1 and amo1sex6). In the amo1 genotype, starch synthase I (SSI), SSIIa, starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa), and SBEIIb also markedly increased in the starch granules. Genetic mapping studies indicate that the ssIIIa gene is tightly linked to the amo1 locus, and the SSIIIa protein from the amo1 mutant has a leucine to arginine residue substitution in a conserved domain. Zymogram analysis indicates that the amo1 phenotype is not a consequence of total loss of enzymatic activity although it remains possible that the amo1 phenotype is underpinned by a more subtle change. It is therefore proposed that amo1 may be a negative regulator of other genes of starch synthesis.
AbstractList In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex6 locus and the amo1 locus has been characterized. Four barley genotypes, the wild type, sex6, amo1, and the amo1sex6 double mutant, were generated by backcrossing the sex6 mutation present in Himalaya292 into the amo1 'high amylose Glacier'. The wild type, amo1, and sex6 genotypes gave starch phenotypes consistent with previous studies. However, the amo1sex6 double mutant yielded an unexpected phenotype, a significant increase in starch content relative to the sex6 phenotype. Amylose content (as a percentage of starch) was not increased above the level observed for the sex6 mutation alone; however, on a per seed basis, grain from lines containing the amo1 mutation (amo1 mutants and amo1sex6 double mutants) synthesize significantly more amylose than the wild-type lines and sex6 mutants. The level of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) protein in starch granules is increased in lines containing the amo1 mutation (amo1 and amo1sex6). In the amo1 genotype, starch synthase I (SSI), SSIIa, starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa), and SBEIIb also markedly increased in the starch granules. Genetic mapping studies indicate that the ssIIIa gene is tightly linked to the amo1 locus, and the SSIIIa protein from the amo1 mutant has a leucine to arginine residue substitution in a conserved domain. Zymogram analysis indicates that the amo1 phenotype is not a consequence of total loss of enzymatic activity although it remains possible that the amo1 phenotype is underpinned by a more subtle change. It is therefore proposed that amo1 may be a negative regulator of other genes of starch synthesis.
In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex 6 locus and the amo 1 locus has been characterized. Four barley genotypes, the wild type, sex 6, a mo 1, and the amo 1 sex 6 double mutant, were generated by backcrossing the sex 6 mutation present in Himalaya292 into the amo 1 ‘high amylose Glacier’. The wild type, amo 1, and sex 6 genotypes gave starch phenotypes consistent with previous studies. However, the amo 1 sex 6 double mutant yielded an unexpected phenotype, a significant increase in starch content relative to the sex 6 phenotype. Amylose content (as a percentage of starch) was not increased above the level observed for the sex 6 mutation alone; however, on a per seed basis, grain from lines containing the amo 1 mutation ( amo 1 mutants and amo 1 sex 6 double mutants) synthesize significantly more amylose than the wild-type lines and sex 6 mutants. The level of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) protein in starch granules is increased in lines containing the amo 1 mutation ( amo 1 and amo 1 sex 6). In the amo 1 genotype, starch synthase I (SSI), SSIIa, starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa), and SBEIIb also markedly increased in the starch granules. Genetic mapping studies indicate that the ssIIIa gene is tightly linked to the amo 1 locus, and the SSIIIa protein from the amo 1 mutant has a leucine to arginine residue substitution in a conserved domain. Zymogram analysis indicates that the amo 1 phenotype is not a consequence of total loss of enzymatic activity although it remains possible that the amo 1 phenotype is underpinned by a more subtle change. It is therefore proposed that amo 1 may be a negative regulator of other genes of starch synthesis.
Author Jobling, Stephen A.
Du, Xihua
Jenkins, Colin L. D.
Morell, Matthew K.
Li, Dehong
Wang, Hong
Larroque, Oscar
Li, Zhongyi
AuthorAffiliation 1 CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
2 CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Issue 14
Keywords 1
6
GBSSI
SSIIa
barley
starch
mutant
SSIIIa
Language English
License This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)
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Present address: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, PR China
Present address: College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, PR China
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Snippet In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex6 locus and the amo1 locus has been characterized. Four barley genotypes,...
In this study of barley starch synthesis, the interaction between mutations at the sex 6 locus and the amo 1 locus has been characterized. Four barley...
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SubjectTerms Amylose - biosynthesis
Barley
DNA
Down-Regulation
Endosperm
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genetic loci
Genetic mutation
Genomics
Genotypes
Glaciers
Grains
Hordeum - enzymology
Hordeum - genetics
Hordeum vulgare
Mutation
Phenotype
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
RESEARCH PAPER
Research Papers
Starch - biosynthesis
Starch Synthase - genetics
Starch Synthase - metabolism
Starches
Title The barley amo1 locus is tightly linked to the starch synthase IIIa gene and negatively regulates expression of granule-bound starch synthetic genes
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/24040010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21813797
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1017962734
https://search.proquest.com/docview/898839426
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3193023
Volume 62
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