Assessment of odor hedonic perception: the Sniffin’ sticks parosmia test (SSParoT)

Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 18019
Main Authors Liu, David T., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Besser, Gerold, Mueller, Christian A., Renner, Bertold
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 22.10.2020
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
631/378/2624
692/700/139
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Discrimination, Psychological
Female
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Odor
Odorants - analysis
Odors
Olfaction
Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis
Olfaction Disorders - psychology
Olfactory perception
Perception
Quality of life
Reference Values
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensory Thresholds
Smell
Young Adult
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI10.1038/s41598-020-74967-0

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Abstract Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin’ Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test–retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.
AbstractList Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin' Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin' Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin' Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test-retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin' Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin' Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin' Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test-retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.
Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin’ Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test–retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.
ArticleNumber 18019
Author Liu, David T.
Besser, Gerold
Welge-Lüssen, Antje
Renner, Bertold
Mueller, Christian A.
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  organization: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
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  surname: Welge-Lüssen
  fullname: Welge-Lüssen, Antje
  organization: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University of Basel
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  givenname: Gerold
  surname: Besser
  fullname: Besser, Gerold
  organization: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
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  givenname: Christian A.
  surname: Mueller
  fullname: Mueller, Christian A.
  email: christian.a.mueller@meduniwien.ac.at
  organization: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
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  givenname: Bertold
  surname: Renner
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  organization: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33093474$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Discrimination, Psychological
Female
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Odor
Odorants - analysis
Odors
Olfaction
Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis
Olfaction Disorders - psychology
Olfactory perception
Perception
Quality of life
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Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensory Thresholds
Smell
Young Adult
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Title Assessment of odor hedonic perception: the Sniffin’ sticks parosmia test (SSParoT)
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