Batch and column sorption of arsenic onto iron-impregnated biochar synthesized through hydrolysis

Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar sho...

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Published in	Water research (Oxford) Vol. 68; pp. 206 - 216
Main Authors	Hu, Xin, Ding, Zhuhong, Zimmerman, Andrew R., Wang, Shengsen, Gao, Bin
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2015
Subjects	Adsorption Adsorption mechanism aqueous solutions Arsenic Arsenic - chemistry Arsenic speciation biochar Carya Characterization Charcoal - chemistry chemical speciation Chemisorption energy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis Filtration - methods Hydrolysis Hydroxides Iron Iron - chemistry Low-cost sorbents Regeneration scanning electron microscopes Scanning electron microscopy Sorption Specific surface Spectrometers Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water Purification - methods X-ray diffraction Characterization Arsenic speciation Regeneration Low-cost sorbents Adsorption mechanism
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Abstract	Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g−1) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe2p, As3d, O1s and C1s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L−1 NaHCO3 solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. [Display omitted] •A facile method was developed to prepare Fe-impregnated biochar.•Both batch and column were used to evaluate As sorption onto the Fe-biochar.•Spent Fe-biochar can be regenerated by NaHCO3 solution.•Sorption of As onto the Fe-biochar is mainly through chemisorption.
AbstractList	Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g⁻¹) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe₂p, As₃d, O₁s and C₁s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L⁻¹ NaHCO₃ solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g−1) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe2p, As3d, O1s and C1s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L−1 NaHCO3 solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. [Display omitted] •A facile method was developed to prepare Fe-impregnated biochar.•Both batch and column were used to evaluate As sorption onto the Fe-biochar.•Spent Fe-biochar can be regenerated by NaHCO3 solution.•Sorption of As onto the Fe-biochar is mainly through chemisorption. Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g⁻¹) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe₂p, As₃d, O₁s and C₁s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L⁻¹ NaHCO₃ solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions.Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g⁻¹) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe₂p, As₃d, O₁s and C₁s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L⁻¹ NaHCO₃ solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g-1) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe2p, As3d, O1s and C1s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L-1 NaHCO3 solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as a low-cost arsenic (As) sorbent. Although iron impregnation decreased the specific surface areas of the biochar, the impregnated biochar showed much better sorption of aqueous As (maximum sorption capacity of 2.16 mg g−1) than the pristine biochar (no/little As sorption capacity). Scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of crystalline Fe hydroxide in the impregnated biochar but no crystal forms of arsenic were found in the post-sorption biochar samples. However, large shifts in the binding energy of Fe2p, As3d, O1s and C1s region on the following As sorption indicated a change in chemical speciation from As(V) to As(III) and Fe(II) to Fe(III) and strong As interaction with oxygen-containing function groups of the Fe-impregnated biochar. These findings suggest that the As sorption on the Fe-impregnated biochar is mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Columns packed with Fe-impregnated biochar showed good As retention, and was regenerated with 0.05 mol L−1 NaHCO3 solution. These findings indicate that Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions.
Author	Zimmerman, Andrew R. Ding, Zhuhong Gao, Bin Wang, Shengsen Hu, Xin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Xin surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Xin organization: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 20 Hankou Road, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhuhong surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Zhuhong organization: School of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrew R. surname: Zimmerman fullname: Zimmerman, Andrew R. organization: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Shengsen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Shengsen organization: Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Bin surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Bin email: bg55@ufl.edu organization: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462729$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar, prepared through a novel method that directly hydrolyzes iron salt onto hickory biochar, was investigated for its performance as...
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SubjectTerms	Adsorption Adsorption mechanism aqueous solutions Arsenic Arsenic - chemistry Arsenic speciation biochar Carya Characterization Charcoal - chemistry chemical speciation Chemisorption energy energy-dispersive X-ray analysis Filtration - methods Hydrolysis Hydroxides Iron Iron - chemistry Low-cost sorbents Regeneration scanning electron microscopes Scanning electron microscopy Sorption Specific surface Spectrometers Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water Purification - methods X-ray diffraction
Title	Batch and column sorption of arsenic onto iron-impregnated biochar synthesized through hydrolysis
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