Intranasal administration of orexin peptides: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential for age-related cognitive dysfunction

•Impaired orexin signaling is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions.•Intranasal orexin targets brain regions and neurotransmitters implicated in cognition.•The orexin-1 receptor mediates most, but not all, of these responses.•Intranasal orexin may be an effective, non-invasive means of c...

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Published inBrain research Vol. 1731; p. 145921
Main Authors Calva, Coleman B., Fadel, Jim R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.03.2020
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Abstract •Impaired orexin signaling is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions.•Intranasal orexin targets brain regions and neurotransmitters implicated in cognition.•The orexin-1 receptor mediates most, but not all, of these responses.•Intranasal orexin may be an effective, non-invasive means of cognitive enhancement. Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to cognitive enhancement are few in number and limited in efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed. The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system, a central integrator of physiological function, plays an important role in modulating cognition. Several single- and dual-orexin receptor antagonists are available for various clinical and preclinical applications, but the paucity of orexin agonists has limited the ability to research their therapeutic potential. To circumvent this hurdle, direct intranasal administration of orexin peptides is being investigated as a prospective treatment for cognitive dysfunction, narcolepsy or other disorders in which deficient orexin signaling has been implicated. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of intranasal orexin delivery. Combined with the behavioral evidence that intranasal orexin-A administration improves cognitive function in narcoleptic and sleep-deprived subjects, our neurochemical studies in young and aged animals highlights the capacity for intranasal orexin administration to improve age-related deficits in neurotransmission. In summary, we highlight prior and original work from our lab and from others that provides a framework for the use of intranasal orexin peptides in treating cognitive dysfunction, especially as it relates to age-related cognitive disorders.
AbstractList Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to cognitive enhancement are few in number and limited in efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed. The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system, a central integrator of physiological function, plays an important role in modulating cognition. Several single- and dual-orexin receptor antagonists are available for various clinical and preclinical applications, but the paucity of orexin agonists has limited the ability to research their therapeutic potential. To circumvent this hurdle, direct intranasal administration of orexin peptides is being investigated as a prospective treatment for cognitive dysfunction, narcolepsy or other disorders in which deficient orexin signaling has been implicated. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of intranasal orexin delivery. Combined with the behavioral evidence that intranasal orexin-A administration improves cognitive function in narcoleptic and sleep-deprived subjects, our neurochemical studies in young and aged animals highlights the capacity for intranasal orexin administration to improve age-related deficits in neurotransmission. In summary, we highlight prior and original work from our lab and from others that provides a framework for the use of intranasal orexin peptides in treating cognitive dysfunction, especially as it relates to age-related cognitive disorders.
•Impaired orexin signaling is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions.•Intranasal orexin targets brain regions and neurotransmitters implicated in cognition.•The orexin-1 receptor mediates most, but not all, of these responses.•Intranasal orexin may be an effective, non-invasive means of cognitive enhancement. Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to cognitive enhancement are few in number and limited in efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed. The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system, a central integrator of physiological function, plays an important role in modulating cognition. Several single- and dual-orexin receptor antagonists are available for various clinical and preclinical applications, but the paucity of orexin agonists has limited the ability to research their therapeutic potential. To circumvent this hurdle, direct intranasal administration of orexin peptides is being investigated as a prospective treatment for cognitive dysfunction, narcolepsy or other disorders in which deficient orexin signaling has been implicated. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of intranasal orexin delivery. Combined with the behavioral evidence that intranasal orexin-A administration improves cognitive function in narcoleptic and sleep-deprived subjects, our neurochemical studies in young and aged animals highlights the capacity for intranasal orexin administration to improve age-related deficits in neurotransmission. In summary, we highlight prior and original work from our lab and from others that provides a framework for the use of intranasal orexin peptides in treating cognitive dysfunction, especially as it relates to age-related cognitive disorders.
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to cognitive enhancement are few in number and limited in efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed. The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system, a central integrator of physiological function, plays an important role in modulating cognition. Several single- and dual-orexin receptor antagonists are available for various clinical and preclinical applications, but the paucity of orexin agonists has limited the ability to research their therapeutic potential. To circumvent this hurdle, direct intranasal administration of orexin peptides is being investigated as a prospective treatment for cognitive dysfunction, narcolepsy or other disorders in which deficient orexin signaling has been implicated. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of intranasal orexin delivery. Combined with the behavioral evidence that intranasal orexin-A administration improves cognitive function in narcoleptic and sleep-deprived subjects, our neurochemical studies in young and aged animals highlights the capacity for intranasal orexin administration to improve age-related deficits in neurotransmission. In summary, we highlight prior and original work from our lab and from others that provides a framework for the use of intranasal orexin peptides in treating cognitive dysfunction, especially as it relates to age-related cognitive disorders.Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to cognitive enhancement are few in number and limited in efficacy. Thus, novel treatment strategies are needed. The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system, a central integrator of physiological function, plays an important role in modulating cognition. Several single- and dual-orexin receptor antagonists are available for various clinical and preclinical applications, but the paucity of orexin agonists has limited the ability to research their therapeutic potential. To circumvent this hurdle, direct intranasal administration of orexin peptides is being investigated as a prospective treatment for cognitive dysfunction, narcolepsy or other disorders in which deficient orexin signaling has been implicated. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of intranasal orexin delivery. Combined with the behavioral evidence that intranasal orexin-A administration improves cognitive function in narcoleptic and sleep-deprived subjects, our neurochemical studies in young and aged animals highlights the capacity for intranasal orexin administration to improve age-related deficits in neurotransmission. In summary, we highlight prior and original work from our lab and from others that provides a framework for the use of intranasal orexin peptides in treating cognitive dysfunction, especially as it relates to age-related cognitive disorders.
ArticleNumber 145921
Author Calva, Coleman B.
Fadel, Jim R.
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
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  email: jim.fadel@uscmed.sc.edu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148983$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet •Impaired orexin signaling is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions.•Intranasal orexin targets brain regions and neurotransmitters implicated in...
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including narcolepsy and age-related dementias. Current...
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SubjectTerms Administration, Intranasal
Aging - physiology
Aging - psychology
Animals
Basal Forebrain - drug effects
Basal Forebrain - physiology
Brain - drug effects
Brain - physiology
Cholinergic Neurons - drug effects
Cholinergic Neurons - physiology
Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology
Cognitive Dysfunction - prevention & control
Humans
Neurons - drug effects
Neurons - physiology
Orexins - administration & dosage
Orexins - physiology
Title Intranasal administration of orexin peptides: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential for age-related cognitive dysfunction
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0006899318304463
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.024
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148983
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2095542277
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6387866
Volume 1731
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