Association between antihypertensive medication use and kidney cancer risk: a meta-analysis accounting for hypertension

Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates f...

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Published inBMC cancer Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 1013 - 12
Main Authors Jung, Minji, Li, Mingyi, Shin, Jaekyu, Chung, Benjamin I., Langston, Marvin E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 06.06.2025
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Adverse and side effects
Adverse drug reaction
Angiotensin
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - adverse effects
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - therapeutic use
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - adverse effects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Antihypertensive Agents - adverse effects
Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use
Antihypertensive drugs
Antihypertensives
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cohort analysis
Complications and side effects
Diuretics
Dosage and administration
Drugs
Estimates
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - drug therapy
Hypoxia
Kidney cancer
Kidney Neoplasms - chemically induced
Kidney Neoplasms - epidemiology
Medical records
Meta-analysis
Observational studies
Observational Studies as Topic
Peptidyl-dipeptidase A
Prevention
Renal cell carcinoma
Risk Factors
United States
Middle East
Canada
Australia
United States > US
Asia
Europe
Hypertension
Antihypertensive drugs
Adverse drug reaction
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney cancer
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Abstract Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension. We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings. AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
AbstractList Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension. We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings. AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension. We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration-response relationships supported the main findings. AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
Background Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension. Methods We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). Results In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration-response relationships supported the main findings. Conclusions AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration. Keywords: Antihypertensive drugs, Kidney cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Hypertension, Adverse drug reaction
Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension.BACKGROUNDEvidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension.We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR).METHODSWe searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR).In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings.RESULTSIn this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings.AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.CONCLUSIONSAHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
Abstract Background Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension. Methods We searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). Results In this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12–1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13–1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings. Conclusions AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
BackgroundEvidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension.MethodsWe searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR).ResultsIn this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12–1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13–1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings.ConclusionsAHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
ArticleNumber 1013
Audience Academic
Author Jung, Minji
Chung, Benjamin I.
Langston, Marvin E.
Li, Mingyi
Shin, Jaekyu
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  fullname: Langston, Marvin E.
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Keywords Hypertension
Antihypertensive drugs
Adverse drug reaction
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney cancer
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Snippet Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is...
Background Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited...
BackgroundEvidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited...
Abstract Background Evidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However,...
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SubjectTerms Adverse and side effects
Adverse drug reaction
Angiotensin
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - adverse effects
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - therapeutic use
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - adverse effects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Antihypertensive Agents - adverse effects
Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use
Antihypertensive drugs
Antihypertensives
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cohort analysis
Complications and side effects
Diuretics
Dosage and administration
Drugs
Estimates
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - drug therapy
Hypoxia
Kidney cancer
Kidney Neoplasms - chemically induced
Kidney Neoplasms - epidemiology
Medical records
Meta-analysis
Observational studies
Observational Studies as Topic
Peptidyl-dipeptidase A
Prevention
Renal cell carcinoma
Risk Factors
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Title Association between antihypertensive medication use and kidney cancer risk: a meta-analysis accounting for hypertension
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