Measles case fatality rate in Bihar, India, 2011-12

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 5; p. e96668
• Main Authors: Murhekar, Manoj V, Ahmad, Mohammad, Shukla, Hemant, Abhishek, Kunwar, Perry, Robert T, Bose, Anindya S, Shimpi, Rahul, Kumar, Arun, Kaliaperumal, Kanagasabai, Sethi, Raman, Selvaraj, Vadivoo, Kamaraj, Pattabi, Routray, Satyabrata, Das, Vidya Nand, Menabde, Nata, Bahl, Sunil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 13.05.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Age Factors; Castes; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Confidence intervals; Death; Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data; Epidemics; Fatalities; Female; Health risks; Historical account; Households; Humans; Immunization; Immunization Programs; India - epidemiology; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles - mortality; Measles Vaccine; Medical personnel; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mortality; Multivariate analysis; Outbreaks; Research and Analysis Methods; Retrospective Studies; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Risk groups; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Rate; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vitamin A; Workers; India; Bihar India
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096668
• ISSN: 1932-6203

Updated estimates of measles case fatality rates (CFR) are critical for monitoring progress towards measles elimination goals. India accounted for 36% of total measles deaths occurred globally in 2011. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate measles CFR and identify the risk factors for measles death in Bihar-one of the north Indian states historically known for its low vaccination coverage. We systematically selected 16 of the 31 laboratory-confirmed measles outbreaks occurring in Bihar during 1 October 2011 to 30 April 2012. All households of the villages/urban localities affected by these outbreaks were visited to identify measles cases and deaths. We calculated CFR and used multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for measles death. The survey found 3670 measles cases and 28 deaths (CFR: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.47-1.30). CFR was higher among under-five children (1.22%) and children belonging to scheduled castes/tribes (SC/ST, 1.72%). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors associated with measles death were age <5 years, SC/ST status and non-administration of vitamin A during illness. Outbreaks with longer interval between the occurrence of first case and notification of the outbreak also had a higher rate of deaths. Measles CFR in Bihar was low. To further reduce case fatality, health authorities need to ensure that SC/ST are targeted by the immunization programme and that outbreak investigations target for vitamin A treatment of cases in high risk groups such as SC/ST and young children and ensure regular visits by health-workers in affected villages to administer vitamin A to new cases.