Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. Thi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPLoS medicine Vol. 17; no. 9; p. e1003297
Main Authors Beattie, Tara S., Smilenova, Boryana, Krishnaratne, Shari, Mazzuca, April
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.09.2020
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adolescent
Adult
Aggression
AIDS
Alcohol
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Biology and Life Sciences
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Developing Countries
Domestic violence
Drug use
Earth Sciences
Estimates
Female
Females
HIV
HIV Infections - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Low income groups
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental Health
Mental health care
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Occupational hazards
Physical Sciences
Post traumatic stress disorder
Poverty
Prevalence
Prostitution
Quality control
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk Factors
Safe Sex
Search strategies
Sex
Sex industry
Sex Workers - psychology
Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data
Sexual Behavior
Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology
Social Sciences
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology
Substance use
Suicidal Ideation
Suicide, Attempted
Suicides & suicide attempts
Systematic review
Trauma
Violence
Workers
Africa
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1549-1676
1549-1277
1549-1676
DOI10.1371/journal.pmed.1003297

Cover

Abstract The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors. In this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.
AbstractList The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors.BACKGROUNDThe psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors.The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors.METHOD AND FINDINGSThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors.In this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.
In addition to the social determinants described earlier, women who sell sex face a unique set of structural factors including police harassment and arrests, discrimination, marginalization, poverty, and gender inequality [8,9], as well as extreme occupational hazards such as violence, coercion, deception, alcohol and substance use, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) [10]. Search terms included the following: “mental health” OR “mental well-being” OR “psycholog* health” OR “psycholog* distress” OR “mental illness*” OR “mental disorder*” OR “mental health problem*” OR “psychiatr* morbidit*” OR “anxiety” OR “depress*” OR “suicid*” OR “trauma” OR “post-traumatic stress disorder” OR “PTSD”; “sex work*” OR “female sex work*” OR “prostitut*” OR “female prostitut*” OR “sex trad*” OR “transact* sex” OR “FSW*” OR “commercial sex” OR “sex-trade worker*”; “low and middle income countr*” OR “LAMIC*” OR “LMIC*” OR “developing countr*” OR “names of all countries which fit the LMIC criteria.” Eligible studies had to be peer-reviewed, include females aged 16 or older who were actively engaged in sex work, and include the following study designs: cross-sectional survey, case–control study, cohort study, case series analysis, or experimental study with baseline measures for mental health. Meta-analyses were conducted on studies that scored moderate to strong in the quality assessment and that used validated measures to assess mental health outcomes; we excluded studies from the meta-analyses that sampled participants based on characteristics that are known to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems (such as injecting drug use or HIV status) and could therefore bias the pooled mental health estimates.
In addition to the social determinants described earlier, women who sell sex face a unique set of structural factors including police harassment and arrests, discrimination, marginalization, poverty, and gender inequality [8,9], as well as extreme occupational hazards such as violence, coercion, deception, alcohol and substance use, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) [10]. Search terms included the following: “mental health” OR “mental well-being” OR “psycholog* health” OR “psycholog* distress” OR “mental illness*” OR “mental disorder*” OR “mental health problem*” OR “psychiatr* morbidit*” OR “anxiety” OR “depress*” OR “suicid*” OR “trauma” OR “post-traumatic stress disorder” OR “PTSD”; “sex work*” OR “female sex work*” OR “prostitut*” OR “female prostitut*” OR “sex trad*” OR “transact* sex” OR “FSW*” OR “commercial sex” OR “sex-trade worker*”; “low and middle income countr*” OR “LAMIC*” OR “LMIC*” OR “developing countr*” OR “names of all countries which fit the LMIC criteria.” Eligible studies had to be peer-reviewed, include females aged 16 or older who were actively engaged in sex work, and include the following study designs: cross-sectional survey, case–control study, cohort study, case series analysis, or experimental study with baseline measures for mental health. Meta-analyses were conducted on studies that scored moderate to strong in the quality assessment and that used validated measures to assess mental health outcomes; we excluded studies from the meta-analyses that sampled participants based on characteristics that are known to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems (such as injecting drug use or HIV status) and could therefore bias the pooled mental health estimates.
The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors. In this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.
BackgroundThe psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors.Method and findingsThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.
Tara Beattie and co-workers assess the evidence on mental ill-health in female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries.
Author Mazzuca, April
Smilenova, Boryana
Krishnaratne, Shari
Beattie, Tara S.
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Global Health and Development, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
3 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
2 King’s Health Partners, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Harvard Medical School, UNITED STATES
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Global Health and Development, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
– name: 2 King’s Health Partners, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
– name: 3 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
– name: Harvard Medical School, UNITED STATES
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Tara S.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9156-7341
  surname: Beattie
  fullname: Beattie, Tara S.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Boryana
  surname: Smilenova
  fullname: Smilenova, Boryana
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Shari
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9053-5065
  surname: Krishnaratne
  fullname: Krishnaratne, Shari
– sequence: 4
  givenname: April
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8843-3745
  surname: Mazzuca
  fullname: Mazzuca, April
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32931504$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9Ul1v0zAUjdAQ-4B_gMASL7yk2HFi13tAmiY-Jg3xAs_WjXPTujh2sdOV8utxaTZtE0KyZMs-5_jce89pceSDx6J4yeiMccnercImenCz9YDdjFHKKyWfFCesqVXJhBRH987HxWlKK0orRRV9VhxnLGcNrU-K31_Qj-DIEsGNS7KOoXU4JAJD8AvS4wAOScJfZBviD4yJWE9c2JYEfEcG23UOS-tNGJCYsPFjtJjOyQVJuzRm8mgNiXhjcXsg4AglZNe7ZNPz4mkPLuGLaT8rvn_88O3yc3n99dPV5cV1aZpKjGXVCMGh4q1oKgXtvBGAsuY9SDGv521vVNMZWYmOq7Y1DARwabq8gPe9Ui0_K14fdNcuJD21LemqlqoWsmEiI64OiC7ASq-jHSDudACr_16EuNAQcykONa8M44IKNBJqRqu2plzRam56JlC0fdZ6P_22afNkTG5vBPdA9OGLt0u9CDda1opJvjfzdhKI4ecG06gHmww6Bx7DZu-75g1TjZhn6JtH0H9X9-q-ozsrtyHIgPoAMDGkFLG_gzCq91m7ldX7rOkpa5l2_ohm7JgnHvZ1Wfd_8h_7ad80
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2021_113817
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_022_03898_w
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0291314
crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_22_00165_5
crossref_primary_10_1177_02666669231222461
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_20211_7
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12939_023_01994_4
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182211971
crossref_primary_10_1080_00224499_2021_1983752
crossref_primary_10_1080_13548506_2024_2424998
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_13387_3
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0002314
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1173902
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10508_023_02633_3
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02392_2
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20010698
crossref_primary_10_3390_psychiatryint5030027
crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_25711
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_022_03940_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssmmh_2021_100012
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007212
crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605231178492
crossref_primary_10_3310_GFVC7006
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_021_11207_8
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0261855
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1336785
crossref_primary_10_3390_sexes5030029
crossref_primary_10_1111_scs_13316
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02552_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13178_024_00935_2
crossref_primary_10_1097_QCO_0000000000000891
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_024_05799_9
crossref_primary_10_1177_10778012221147911
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0306803
crossref_primary_10_1136_sextrans_2021_055088
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_021_03258_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19127294
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1048703
crossref_primary_10_7189_jogh_14_04052
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440251324724
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11524_022_00673_z
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_14527_5
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_93687_7
crossref_primary_10_17533_udea_rfo_v35n1a1
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1233844
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11135_024_01966_y
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11920_023_01423_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101658
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_021_03168_1
crossref_primary_10_1017_gmh_2022_44
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0252728
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapsychiatry_2024_4241
crossref_primary_10_1002_sgp2_12112
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procs_2023_01_412
crossref_primary_10_1038_s44294_024_00013_3
crossref_primary_10_17759_psylaw_2024140413
crossref_primary_10_1007_s43545_023_00631_9
crossref_primary_10_1017_gmh_2024_74
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10508_022_02503_4
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_023_05085_0
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000030185
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_annepidem_2024_02_006
crossref_primary_10_1177_20499361231199550
crossref_primary_10_1080_07399332_2025_2468453
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_021_03515_5
crossref_primary_10_1177_20552076221120724
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0002783
crossref_primary_10_1177_10778012241307332
crossref_primary_10_20473_jps_v12i2_43840
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40609_021_00213_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2021_107215
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0273732
crossref_primary_10_29166_tyc_v1i25_3635
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0001216
crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_25884
crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2024_2437695
crossref_primary_10_1111_acps_13559
crossref_primary_10_1080_13811118_2024_2314520
crossref_primary_10_4236_psych_2023_149085
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0003592
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dadr_2024_100315
crossref_primary_10_2174_0118749445264436231119172400
Cites_doi 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00176
10.1155/2013/631479
10.1080/10826084.2016.1264964
10.1080/07399330701226529
10.1371/journal.pone.0196759
10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017408
10.1080/09540121.2019.1626338
10.1007/s00737-018-0907-1
10.1891/0886-6708.24.3.399
10.1192/bjp.bp.116.188078
10.1007/s10461-014-0772-5
10.1080/09540121.2013.878780
10.1177/0956462413498858
10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32408-5
10.1080/10852351003640625
10.1371/journal.pone.0191632
10.1080/09540121.2012.726341
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31589-6
10.1177/1043659609349063
10.1371/journal.pone.0116820
10.1007/s40609-017-0085-5
10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.031
10.1007/s11121-013-0423-5
10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.023
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002224
10.1186/s12889-016-2814-6
10.1177/1010539515601480
10.1080/03630241003601137
10.1007/s12119-017-9412-3
10.1007/s11469-017-9829-9
10.2105/AJPH.2008.149930
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002680
10.2105/AJPH.2014.301909
10.1177/0020764019858646
10.12927/whp.2007.18695
10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00390-6
10.1080/03630242.2016.1186781
10.1001/jama.2016.19102
10.1300/J056v17n01_03
10.4103/0019-5545.104822
10.1177/0956462416651374
10.1177/1043986209333590
10.1080/03630242.2019.1626792
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.011
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011439
10.1093/alcalc/agp095
10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018751
10.1080/07399330590905585
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224
10.7448/IAS.18.1.20079
10.1590/s1806-37562016000000162
10.1093/alcalc/agt184
10.1186/s13722-017-0085-x
10.1177/1077801214528582
10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.11.009
10.1186/s12916-014-0122-5
10.1136/bmj.l4516
10.4088/JCP.08m04967blu
10.1080/09688080.2018.1517543
10.1017/S2045796016000135
10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30316-X
10.1071/SH06063
10.1525/jer.2014.9.1.29
10.1007/s10508-016-0824-1
10.1177/0020872813497381
10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028934
10.1258/ijsa.2009.009418
10.1186/s12879-019-3693-0
10.1186/1471-2458-12-474
10.1080/09540121.2016.1139038
10.1186/s12889-015-1583-y
10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247
10.2105/AJPH.87.1.66
10.1071/SH17213
10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002763
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31590-2
10.1080/10826080801914410
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01533.x
10.1080/07399332.2012.757317
10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.06.005
10.1371/journal.pone.0062290
10.1007/s10461-018-2107-4
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001439
10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X
10.1177/0886260516629385
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000624
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 Beattie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2020 Beattie et al 2020 Beattie et al
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 Beattie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2020 Beattie et al 2020 Beattie et al
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7TK
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
M1P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
DOA
CZK
DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003297
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Neurosciences Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
PLoS Medicine
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic

Publicly Available Content Database
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
DocumentTitleAlternate Mental health of female sex workers
EISSN 1549-1676
ExternalDocumentID 2479467516
oai_doaj_org_article_32c13606ec7a4102b4039028cf16e6bf
PMC7491736
32931504
10_1371_journal_pmed_1003297
Genre Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Systematic Review
Journal Article
GeographicLocations Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Africa
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: MR/R023182/1
– fundername: ;
– fundername: ;
  grantid: MR/R023182/1
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAUCC
AAWOE
AAWTL
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AFXKF
AHMBA
AKRSQ
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
B0M
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EBS
EJD
EMK
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOF
IOV
IPO
ISN
ISR
ITC
KQ8
M1P
M48
MK0
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PV9
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
WOW
XSB
YZZ
~8M
ADRAZ
ADXHL
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
H13
IPNFZ
NPM
PJZUB
PPXIY
RIG
WOQ
3V.
7TK
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
AAPBV
ABPTK
BCGST
CZK
ICW
M~E
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-25663a23b6529ab856ae743fa76848bfc95dc726d39bbc1a6a37cd7cda3ff99b3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1549-1676
1549-1277
IngestDate Sun Sep 03 00:14:45 EDT 2023
Wed Aug 27 01:16:41 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 13:48:57 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 21:58:04 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 03:23:32 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:04:55 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:52:49 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:27:26 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 9
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c526t-25663a23b6529ab856ae743fa76848bfc95dc726d39bbc1a6a37cd7cda3ff99b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
content type line 14
ObjectType-Feature-3
ObjectType-Evidence Based Healthcare-1
ObjectType-Article-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
These authors are joint first authors on this work.
ORCID 0000-0001-9156-7341
0000-0001-9053-5065
0000-0002-8843-3745
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2479467516?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 32931504
PQID 2479467516
PQPubID 1436338
ParticipantIDs plos_journals_2479467516
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_32c13606ec7a4102b4039028cf16e6bf
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7491736
proquest_miscellaneous_2443519568
proquest_journals_2479467516
pubmed_primary_32931504
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003297
crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003297
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-09-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PLoS medicine
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS Med
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References MD Ulibarri (pmed.1003297.ref034) 2013; 2013
AM Bitty-Anderson (pmed.1003297.ref073) 2019; 9
Q Yang (pmed.1003297.ref085) 2018; 13
X Fang (pmed.1003297.ref078) 2007; 9
RR Lion (pmed.1003297.ref040) 2017; 52
Y Hong (pmed.1003297.ref056) 2007; 4
KM Devries (pmed.1003297.ref089) 2013; 10
KN Deering (pmed.1003297.ref015) 2014; 104
CT Rael (pmed.1003297.ref042) 2017; 21
AR Hosseinpoor (pmed.1003297.ref087) 2012; 12
R Offringa (pmed.1003297.ref028) 2017; 46
V Patel (pmed.1003297.ref090) 2017; 389
C González-Forteza (pmed.1003297.ref065) 2014; 37
C Zhang (pmed.1003297.ref086) 2014; 35
T Ghose (pmed.1003297.ref032) 2015; 58
MD Ulibarri (pmed.1003297.ref029) 2009; 24
J Gu (pmed.1003297.ref039) 2014; 144
C Brody (pmed.1003297.ref071) 2016; 16
H Herrman (pmed.1003297.ref003) 2019; 393
H Chen (pmed.1003297.ref054) 2017; 256
G Borges (pmed.1003297.ref088) 2010; 71
ST Roberts (pmed.1003297.ref043) 2018; 22
KF Ortblad (pmed.1003297.ref069) 2020; 83
S Baral (pmed.1003297.ref067) 2012; 12
T Jackson (pmed.1003297.ref025) 2013; 25
AL Grosso (pmed.1003297.ref076) 2019; 19
SK Patel (pmed.1003297.ref052) 2016; 6
MD Ulibarri (pmed.1003297.ref031) 2015; 19
LA Urada (pmed.1003297.ref062) 2014; 9
Q Li (pmed.1003297.ref017) 2010; 45
J Gu (pmed.1003297.ref038) 2011; 22
LL Devoglio (pmed.1003297.ref064) 2017; 43
CW Cange (pmed.1003297.ref036) 2019; 16
A Nadkarni (pmed.1003297.ref095) 2017; 389
N el-Bassel (pmed.1003297.ref011) 1997; 87
T Abramsky (pmed.1003297.ref092) 2014; 12
DA Barnhart (pmed.1003297.ref023) 2019
J Coetzee (pmed.1003297.ref046) 2018; 13
J Gu (pmed.1003297.ref024) 2010; 50
S Oram (pmed.1003297.ref019) 2012; 9
R Rhead (pmed.1003297.ref072) 2018; 8
F Ranjbar (pmed.1003297.ref070) 2019; 22
S Su (pmed.1003297.ref081) 2014; 26
SS Witte (pmed.1003297.ref035) 2010; 38
K Pandiyan (pmed.1003297.ref033) 2012; 54
TS Beattie (pmed.1003297.ref094) 2015; 18
JP Jain (pmed.1003297.ref044); 32
pmed.1003297.ref007
N Zaller (pmed.1003297.ref084) 2014; 49
DL Lang (pmed.1003297.ref051) 2011; 22
JA Sherwood (pmed.1003297.ref082) 2015; 15
L Zhang (pmed.1003297.ref083) 2017; 57
pmed.1003297.ref006
MG Iaisuklang (pmed.1003297.ref050) 2017; 59
HY Kim (pmed.1003297.ref077) 2018; 28
CE Carlson (pmed.1003297.ref037) 2017; 4
W Rössler (pmed.1003297.ref012) 2010; 122
Y Hong (pmed.1003297.ref057) 2013; 8
SK Patel (pmed.1003297.ref053) 2015; 27
S Muth (pmed.1003297.ref041) 2017; 12
A Abelson (pmed.1003297.ref068) 2019; 65
M Shahmanesh (pmed.1003297.ref080) 2009; 99
SA MacLean (pmed.1003297.ref047) 2018; 16
WW Yuen (pmed.1003297.ref016) 2016; 28
BO Berger (pmed.1003297.ref075) 2018; 33
SA Strathdee (pmed.1003297.ref021) 2015; 69
CH Logie (pmed.1003297.ref027) 2018; 26
R Shrestha (pmed.1003297.ref061) 2017; 7
G Thornicroft (pmed.1003297.ref004) 2017; 210
Y Hong (pmed.1003297.ref055) 2010; 21
HL Surratt (pmed.1003297.ref014) 2005; 17
L Ottisova (pmed.1003297.ref020) 2016; 25
Y Hong (pmed.1003297.ref079) 2007; 28
HA Whiteford (pmed.1003297.ref002) 2015; 10
MD Ulibarri (pmed.1003297.ref030) 2014; 20
pmed.1003297.ref018
MA Lari (pmed.1003297.ref026) 2014; 15
CT Rael (pmed.1003297.ref066) 2017; 28
S Peitzmeier (pmed.1003297.ref048) 2014; 25
V Poliah (pmed.1003297.ref049) 2017; 59
K Stoebenau (pmed.1003297.ref022) 2016; 168
L Platt (pmed.1003297.ref008) 2018; 15
H Yang (pmed.1003297.ref063) 2005; 26
EO Akinnawo (pmed.1003297.ref074) 1995; 5
V Patel (pmed.1003297.ref001) 2016; 387
S Kapiga (pmed.1003297.ref093) 2019; 7
MP Hengartner (pmed.1003297.ref009) 2015; 6
SJ Semple (pmed.1003297.ref045) 2020; 60
RA Sagtani (pmed.1003297.ref059) 2013; 3
H Shen (pmed.1003297.ref060) 2016; 2016
G Suresh (pmed.1003297.ref010) 2009; 25
D Chibanda (pmed.1003297.ref091) 2016; 316
W Huang (pmed.1003297.ref058) 2014; 15
V Patel (pmed.1003297.ref005) 2019; 366
A Roxburgh (pmed.1003297.ref013) 2008; 43
References_xml – volume: 6
  start-page: 176
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref009
  article-title: Mental Health and Functioning of Female Sex Workers in Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  publication-title: Front Psychiatry.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00176
– volume: 2013
  start-page: 631479
  year: 2013
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref034
  article-title: Prevalence and characteristics of abuse experiences and depression symptoms among injection drug-using female sex workers in Mexico.
  publication-title: J Environ Public Health
  doi: 10.1155/2013/631479
– volume: 52
  start-page: 773
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref040
  article-title: Gender and Sex Trading Among Active Methamphetamine Users in Cape Town, South Africa.
  publication-title: Subst Use Misuse.
  doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1264964
– volume: 28
  start-page: 490
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref079
  article-title: Correlates of suicidal ideation and attempt among female sex workers in China.
  publication-title: Health Care Women Int
  doi: 10.1080/07399330701226529
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0196759
  issue: 7
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref046
  article-title: Depression and Post Traumatic Stress amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional, respondent driven sample.
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196759
– volume: 7
  start-page: e017408
  issue: 12
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref061
  article-title: Why don't key populations access HIV testing and counselling centres in Nepal? Findings based on national surveillance survey
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017408
– volume: 32
  start-page: 557
  issue: 5
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref044
  article-title: Perceived barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis use and the role of syndemic factors among female sex workers in the Mexico-United States border region: a latent class analysis
  publication-title: AIDS Care. 2020
  doi: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1626338
– volume: 22
  start-page: 391
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref070
  article-title: Mental health status among female sex workers in Tabriz, Iran.
  publication-title: Arch Womens Ment Health
  doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0907-1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 399
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref029
  article-title: History of abuse and psychological distress symptoms among female sex workers in two Mexico-U.S. border cities.
  publication-title: Violence Vict.
  doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.24.3.399
– volume: 210
  start-page: 119
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref004
  article-title: Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries.
  publication-title: Br J Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.188078
– volume: 19
  start-page: 9
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref031
  article-title: “Amar te duele”(“Love hurts”): sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, depression symptoms and HIV risk among female sex workers who use drugs and their non-commercial, steady partners in Mexico.
  publication-title: AIDS Behav
  doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0772-5
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1019
  issue: 8
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref081
  article-title: Age group differences in HIV risk and mental health problems among female sex workers in Southwest China.
  publication-title: AIDS Care
  doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.878780
– volume: 25
  start-page: 244
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref048
  article-title: A cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and associations of HIV among female sex workers in the Gambia
  publication-title: Int J STD AIDS
  doi: 10.1177/0956462413498858
– volume: 393
  start-page: e42
  issue: 10189
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref003
  article-title: Reducing the global burden of depression: a Lancet-World Psychiatric Association Commission
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32408-5
– volume: 38
  start-page: 89
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref035
  article-title: Sexual risk behaviors, alcohol abuse, and intimate partner violence among sex workers in Mongolia: implications for HIV prevention intervention development.
  publication-title: J Prev Interv Community.
  doi: 10.1080/10852351003640625
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0191632
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref085
  article-title: Depression and its correlations with health-risk behaviors and social capital among female migrants working in entertainment venues in China.
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191632
– volume: 25
  start-page: 601
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref025
  article-title: Predictors of willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Southwest China.
  publication-title: AIDS Care
  doi: 10.1080/09540121.2012.726341
– volume: 389
  start-page: 176
  issue: 10065
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref090
  article-title: The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial.
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31589-6
– volume: 21
  start-page: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref055
  article-title: Self-perceived stigma, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors among female sex workers in China.
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
  doi: 10.1177/1043659609349063
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0116820
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref002
  article-title: The global burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116820
– volume: 4
  start-page: 51
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref037
  article-title: The impact of violence, perceived stigma, and other work-related stressors on depressive symptoms among women engaged in sex work.
  publication-title: Glob Soc Welf
  doi: 10.1007/s40609-017-0085-5
– volume: 256
  start-page: 448
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref054
  article-title: Negative trust and depression among female sex workers in Western China: The mediating role of thwarted belongingness.
  publication-title: Psychiatry research.
  doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.031
– volume: 15
  start-page: 329
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref058
  article-title: HIV-related risk among female migrants working in entertainment venues in China.
  publication-title: Prev Sci
  doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0423-5
– volume: 168
  start-page: 186
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref022
  article-title: Revisiting the understanding of "transactional sex" in sub-Saharan Africa: A review and synthesis of the literature.
  publication-title: Soc Sci Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.023
– volume: 83
  start-page: 37
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref069
  article-title: Knowledge of HIV Status Is Associated With a Decrease in the Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among Female Sex Workers in Uganda and Zambia
  publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002224
– volume: 16
  start-page: 133
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref071
  article-title: HIV risk and psychological distress among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study.
  publication-title: BMC Public Health.
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2814-6
– volume: 27
  start-page: 809
  issue: 8
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref053
  article-title: Correlates of mental depression among female sex workers in Southern India.
  publication-title: Asia Pac J Public Health
  doi: 10.1177/1010539515601480
– volume: 2016
  start-page: 6986173
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref060
  article-title: Depression and HIV Risk Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Guangdong, China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
  publication-title: BioMed Res lnt
– volume: 50
  start-page: 20
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref024
  article-title: Mental health and interpersonal factors associated with HIV-related risk behaviors among non-institutionalized female injection drug users who are also sex workers in China.
  publication-title: Women Health
  doi: 10.1080/03630241003601137
– volume: 21
  start-page: 680
  issue: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref042
  article-title: Examining the unique characteristics of a non-probability sample of undocumented female sex workers with dependent children: The case of Haitians in the Dominican Republic.
  publication-title: Sexuality Cult.
  doi: 10.1007/s12119-017-9412-3
– volume: 16
  start-page: 150
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref047
  article-title: Prevalence and correlates of probable depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among female sex workers in Lilongwe, Malawi.
  publication-title: Int J Ment Health Addict
  doi: 10.1007/s11469-017-9829-9
– volume: 99
  start-page: 1239
  issue: 7
  year: 2009
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref080
  article-title: Suicidal behavior among female sex workers in Goa, India: the silent epidemic.
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.149930
– volume: 15
  start-page: e1002680
  issue: 12
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref008
  article-title: Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies.
  publication-title: PLoS Med
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002680
– volume: 104
  start-page: e42
  issue: 5
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref015
  article-title: A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers.
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301909
– volume: 65
  start-page: 445
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref068
  article-title: Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon.
  publication-title: Int J Soc Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1177/0020764019858646
– volume: 9
  start-page: 46
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref078
  article-title: Profile of female sex workers in a Chinese county: does it differ by where they came from and where they work?
  publication-title: World Health Popul
  doi: 10.12927/whp.2007.18695
– volume: 387
  start-page: 1672
  issue: 10028
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref001
  article-title: Addressing the burden of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00390-6
– ident: pmed.1003297.ref007
– volume: 57
  start-page: 685
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref083
  article-title: Violence, stigma and mental health among female sex workers in China: A structural equation modeling.
  publication-title: Women Health
  doi: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1186781
– volume: 316
  start-page: 2618
  issue: 24
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref091
  article-title: Effect of a Primary Care-Based Psychological Intervention on Symptoms of Common Mental Disorders in Zimbabwe: A Randomized Clinical Trial
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19102
– volume: 17
  start-page: 23
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2005
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref014
  article-title: The Connections of Mental Health Problems, Violent Life Experiences, and the Social Milieu of the “Stroll” with the HIV Risk Behaviors of Female Street Sex Workers.
  publication-title: Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality.
  doi: 10.1300/J056v17n01_03
– volume: 54
  start-page: 349
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref033
  article-title: Psychological morbidity among female commercial sex workers with alcohol and drug abuse
  publication-title: Indian J Psychiatry
  doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.104822
– volume: 28
  start-page: 433
  issue: 5
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref066
  article-title: Depression and key associated factors in female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic
  publication-title: Int J STD AIDS
  doi: 10.1177/0956462416651374
– volume: 25
  start-page: 186
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref010
  article-title: An assessment of the mental health of street-based sex workers in Chennai, India.
  publication-title: J Contemporary Criminal Justice
  doi: 10.1177/1043986209333590
– volume: 60
  start-page: 284
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref045
  article-title: Maternal role strain and depressive symptoms among female sex workers in Mexico: the moderating role of sex work venue.
  publication-title: Women Health.
  doi: 10.1080/03630242.2019.1626792
– volume: 144
  start-page: 102
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref039
  article-title: Socio-ecological factors associated with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among female injection drug users who are sex workers in China.
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.011
– volume: 6
  start-page: e011439
  issue: 9
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref052
  article-title: Relationship between mobility, violence and major depression among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study in southern India
  publication-title: BMJ open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011439
– ident: pmed.1003297.ref018
– volume: 45
  start-page: 188
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref017
  article-title: Alcohol use among female sex workers and male clients: an integrative review of global literature
  publication-title: Alcohol Alcohol
  doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agp095
– volume: 8
  start-page: e018751
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref072
  article-title: Do female sex workers have lower uptake of HIV treatment services than non-sex workers? A cross-sectional study from east Zimbabwe
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018751
– volume: 26
  start-page: 134
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref063
  article-title: HIV-related risk factors associated with commercial sex among female migrants in China.
  publication-title: Health Care Women Int
  doi: 10.1080/07399330590905585
– volume: 9
  start-page: e1001224
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref019
  article-title: Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review.
  publication-title: PLoS Med.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224
– volume: 18
  start-page: 20079
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref094
  article-title: Declines in violence and police arrest among female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India, following a comprehensive HIV prevention programme
  publication-title: J Int AIDS Soc
  doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.20079
– volume: 43
  start-page: 6
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref064
  article-title: Smoking among female sex workers: prevalence and associated variables.
  publication-title: J Bras Pneumol
  doi: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000162
– volume: 49
  start-page: 321
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref084
  article-title: Risky alcohol use among migrant women in entertainment venues in China.
  publication-title: Alcohol Alcohol
  doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agt184
– volume: 15
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref026
  article-title: Mental health and HIV-related high-risk behaviors among female sex workers
  publication-title: Shiraz E-Medical Journal
– volume: 12
  start-page: 20
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref041
  article-title: HIV treatment cascade among female entertainment and sex workers in Cambodia: impact of amphetamine use and an HIV prevention program.
  publication-title: Addict Sci Clin Pract
  doi: 10.1186/s13722-017-0085-x
– volume: 20
  start-page: 427
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref030
  article-title: Prevalence and correlates of client-perpetrated abuse among female sex workers in two Mexico-u.s. Border cities.
  publication-title: Violence Against Women
  doi: 10.1177/1077801214528582
– volume: 28
  start-page: 13
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref077
  article-title: Stigma as a barrier to health care utilization among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Burkina Faso.
  publication-title: Ann Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.11.009
– volume: 37
  start-page: 349
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref065
  article-title: Social correlates of depression and suicide risk in sexual workers from Hidalgo, Mexico.
  publication-title: Salud Mental
– volume: 12
  start-page: 122
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref092
  article-title: Findings from the SASA! Study: a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda.
  publication-title: BMC Med.
  doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0122-5
– volume: 366
  start-page: l4516
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref005
  article-title: Achieving universal health coverage for mental disorders
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4516
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1617
  issue: 12
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref088
  article-title: Twelve-month prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.
  publication-title: J Clin Psychiatry
  doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04967blu
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1517543
  issue: 52
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref027
  article-title: Contextualising sexual health practices among lesbian and bisexual women in Jamaica: a multi-methods study.
  publication-title: Reprod Health Matters
  doi: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1517543
– volume: 25
  start-page: 317
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref020
  article-title: Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review.
  publication-title: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci.
  doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000135
– volume: 7
  start-page: e1423
  issue: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref093
  article-title: A social empowerment intervention to prevent intimate partner violence against women in a microfinance scheme in Tanzania: findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised controlled trial
  publication-title: Lancet Glob Health
  doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30316-X
– volume: 4
  start-page: 99
  issue: 2
  year: 2007
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref056
  article-title: Depressive symptoms and condom use with clients among female sex workers in China.
  publication-title: Sex Health
  doi: 10.1071/SH06063
– volume: 9
  start-page: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref062
  article-title: Social and structural constraints on disclosure and informed consent for HIV survey research involving female sex workers and their bar managers in the Philippines.
  publication-title: J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics
  doi: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.1.29
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1857
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref028
  article-title: Personal and Financial Risk Typologies Among Women Who Engage in Sex Work in Mongolia: A Latent Class Analysis.
  publication-title: Arch Sex Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10508-016-0824-1
– volume: 58
  start-page: 211
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref032
  article-title: Depression and anxiety among HIV-positive sex workers in Kolkata, India: Testing and modifying the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale.
  publication-title: Int Social Work
  doi: 10.1177/0020872813497381
– volume: 9
  start-page: e028934
  issue: 11
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref073
  article-title: Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco use among key populations in Togo in 2017: a cross-sectional study.
  publication-title: BMJ Open.
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028934
– volume: 59
  start-page: 465
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref050
  article-title: Psychiatric morbidity among female commercial sex workers.
  publication-title: Indian J Psychiatry
– volume: 22
  start-page: 126
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref051
  article-title: Predictors of condom errors among sex workers in Armenia.
  publication-title: Int J STD AIDS
  doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009418
– volume: 19
  start-page: 208
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref076
  article-title: Development and reliability of metrics to characterize types and sources of stigma among men who have sex with men and female sex workers in Togo and Burkina Faso
  publication-title: BMC Infect Dis
  doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3693-0
– volume: 12
  start-page: 474
  year: 2012
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref087
  article-title: Socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey.
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-474
– start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref023
  article-title: Structural, interpersonal, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for HIV acquisition among female bar workers in Dar es Salaam
  publication-title: Tanzania. AIDS Care
– volume: 28
  start-page: 816
  issue: 7
  year: 2016
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref016
  article-title: Psychological health and HIV transmission among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: AIDS Care
  doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1139038
– volume: 15
  start-page: 270
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref082
  article-title: Sexual violence against female sex workers in The Gambia: a cross-sectional examination of the associations between victimization and reproductive, sexual and mental health.
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1583-y
– volume: 59
  start-page: 116
  issue: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref049
  article-title: Depression, anxiety symptoms and substance use amongst sex workers attending a non-governmental organisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
  publication-title: South African Family Practice
  doi: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247
– volume: 87
  start-page: 66
  issue: 1
  year: 1997
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref011
  article-title: Sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of Harlem.
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.87.1.66
– volume: 16
  start-page: 348
  issue: 4
  year: 2019
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref036
  article-title: Effects of traumatic events on sex workers' mental health and suicide intentions in Burkina Faso: a trauma-informed approach.
  publication-title: Sex Health.
  doi: 10.1071/SH17213
– volume: 3
  issue: 6
  year: 2013
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref059
  article-title: Violence, HIV risk behaviour and depression among female sex workers of eastern Nepal
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002763
– ident: pmed.1003297.ref006
– volume: 389
  start-page: 186
  issue: 10065
  year: 2017
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref095
  article-title: Counselling for Alcohol Problems (CAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for harmful drinking in men, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial.
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31590-2
– volume: 43
  start-page: 1202
  issue: 8–9
  year: 2008
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref013
  article-title: Drug dependence and associated risks among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia.
  publication-title: Subst Use Misuse
  doi: 10.1080/10826080801914410
– volume: 122
  start-page: 143
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref012
  article-title: The mental health of female sex workers.
  publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01533.x
– volume: 35
  start-page: 60
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref086
  article-title: Alcohol and other drug use, partner violence, and mental health problems among female sex workers in southwest China.
  publication-title: Health care Women Int.
  doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.757317
– volume: 22
  start-page: 26
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref038
  article-title: Prevalence and factors related to syringe sharing behaviours among female injecting drug users who are also sex workers in China.
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.06.005
– volume: 8
  start-page: e62290
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref057
  article-title: Partner violence and psychosocial distress among female sex workers in China.
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062290
– volume: 5
  start-page: 173
  year: 1995
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref074
  article-title: Mental health implications of the commercial sex industry in Nigeria.
  publication-title: Health Transition Review
– volume: 22
  start-page: 3273
  issue: 10
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref043
  article-title: Patterns of Gender-Based Violence and Associations with Mental Health and HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya: A Latent Class Analysis
  publication-title: AIDS Behav
  doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2107-4
– volume: 10
  start-page: e1001439
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref089
  article-title: Intimate partner violence and incident depressive symptoms and suicide attempts: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.
  publication-title: PLoS Med
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001439
– volume: 12
  start-page: 538
  issue: 7
  year: 2012
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref067
  article-title: Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis
  doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2745
  issue: 17
  year: 2018
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref075
  article-title: The Prevalence and Correlates of Physical and Sexual Violence Affecting Female Sex Workers in Swaziland.
  publication-title: J Int Violence.
  doi: 10.1177/0886260516629385
– volume: 69
  start-page: S110
  issue: Suppl 20 1
  year: 2015
  ident: pmed.1003297.ref021
  article-title: Substance Use and HIV Among Female Sex Workers and Female Prisoners: Risk Environments and Implications for Prevention, Treatment, and Policies.
  publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000624
SSID ssj0029090
Score 2.574926
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk...
In addition to the social determinants described earlier, women who sell sex face a unique set of structural factors including police harassment and arrests,...
Tara Beattie and co-workers assess the evidence on mental ill-health in female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries.
BackgroundThe psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)....
SourceID plos
doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage e1003297
SubjectTerms Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adolescent
Adult
Aggression
AIDS
Alcohol
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Biology and Life Sciences
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Developing Countries
Domestic violence
Drug use
Earth Sciences
Estimates
Female
Females
HIV
HIV Infections - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Low income groups
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental Health
Mental health care
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Occupational hazards
Physical Sciences
Post traumatic stress disorder
Poverty
Prevalence
Prostitution
Quality control
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk Factors
Safe Sex
Search strategies
Sex
Sex industry
Sex Workers - psychology
Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data
Sexual Behavior
Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology
Social Sciences
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology
Substance use
Suicidal Ideation
Suicide, Attempted
Suicides & suicide attempts
Systematic review
Trauma
Violence
Workers
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3daxQxEA_Sh-KLaP3oapUIvsbma5ONb7W0FEGfLPRtyScW7vZK74riX28myZ13UuiLsPuyk2WTzGRnJjP5DUIfmNQ0Kh6IpUkQGWlPnFCG5DspGzT1vmT5flMXl_LLVX-1VeoLcsIqPHCduGPBPRPZyo5eW5m1oZNUAOKIT0xF5RL8famha2equVqGlt0VwB8jjGvdDs0JzY4bjz7eZG0DOQKCA-DTllIq2P2AdTpbLO-zO_9Nn9zSR-dP0ZNmSOKTOoBn6FGcDtD-1xYqf45-V3QeXA864lY4ZolLdSGc4jxrBryMvzBkZmUbEF9PeLb4SbCdAp6XbQsCyA3ziEs9CXCpP-ET_Bf6GddjL_WFuLLENoCTF-jy_Oz76QVphRaI77lakWz2KGG5cKrnxrqhVzZmyyJZiNINLnnTB6-5CsI455lVVmgf8mVFSsY48RLtTYspHiLMbHCZSpMekgw8WBd5csENJg4sUdEhsZ7p0TcUciiGMRtLaE1nb6TO3wj8GRt_OkQ2b91UFI4H2n8GJm7aAoZ2eZAla2ySNT4kWR06BBFYf2A58oLGr3umOnS0Fov7ye835LxaIQRjp7i4gzayVERUQ4deVSnadDJ3XGTzXHZI78jXzih2KdP1j4IIrmX2uoV6_T-G_QY95rCnUPLojtDe6vYuvs2G18q9K2vsDymKLUk
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwEB5BkRAXxLuBgozE1TSxHTvhggqiqpDgRKW9RX5Cpd1k22xF1V-Px_HudlEFUnLJ2IrjGcfz8jcA7yqhSi-Zo7oMnApf1tRw2dJ4B6mdKq1NWb7f5cmp-DqrZ9nhNua0yvU_Mf2o3WDRR37IEhS6qiv5cXlOsWoURldzCY27cC9Bl0V5VrOtwdWWyceCKGS0Ykrlo3NcVYeZU--Xcc_BTAHOEPbpxtaUEPwR8XQ-jLdpn38nUd7YlY4fwcOsTpKjif-P4Y7vn8D9bzlg_hSuJ4weMh13JLl8zEhSjSES_CLuD2T0VwTzs6ImSM56Mh9-U6J7RxbJeUERv2HhSaoqgYb1B3JEtgDQZDr8MnXwK011hjl5BqfHX358PqG53AK1NZMrGpUfyTXjRtas1aappfZRvwgaY3WNCbatnVVMOt4aYystNVfWxUvzENrW8Oew1w-93wdSaWcitQyqCcIxp41nwTjTtL6pQskL4OuZ7mzGIseSGPMuBdhUtEmm-euQP13mTwF002s5YXH8p_0nZOKmLSJppwfDxc8uL8yOM1vxaMV5q7SI2pYRJUdEGxsq6aUJBeyjCKxfMHZbQSzgYC0Wt5PfbshxzWIgRvd-uMQ2ItVFlE0BLyYp2gwyDpxHJV0UoHbka-crdin92a-EC65EtL25fPnvYb2CBwx9BilP7gD2VheX_nVUrFbmTVo9fwADqyWr
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32931504
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2479467516
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2443519568
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7491736
https://doaj.org/article/32c13606ec7a4102b4039028cf16e6bf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003297
Volume 17
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3da9UwFD_sA8QX8Xud8xLB14w2SZNWENlkYygbKl64byVJEx3c287bOzb9603StHrlikLbh56kH8kJ55yc5PcDeJkxkRpOaixTSzEzaY4V5SV2p-WyFqnWYZXvBT-bsnezfLYFA2drbMBuY2jn-aSmy_nh7bfvb9yAfx1YG0Q2VDq8cvbDZ_0pKcU27DrbxH04ds7GvAIp0zDr4nHJsJPyuJnub09ZM1YB099joM7bbpM_-ueyyt_s1Ol9uBcdTHTUa8QD2DLNQ7hzHlPoj-BHj9qD-g2QKBLKdCiwDiFrFs5ioM7cIr9iy_mG6LJB8_YGI9nUaBGmM7BHdFgYFHgmfKj9Ch2hX5DQqN8O01cwK4llBD55DNPTk89vz3AkYMA6J3yFnTvEqSRU8ZyUUhU5l8Z5HFb67F2hrC7zWgvCa1oqpTPJJRW6doek1palok9gp2kbswcok7Vy0tSKwrKa1FIZYlWtitIUmU1pAnRo6UpHdHJPkjGvQspNuCilb7_K908V-ycBPNa66tE5_lH-2HfiWNZja4cb7fJLFYdqRYnOqIvrjBaSOf9LsZR6jBttM264sgnseRUYXtBVJKD0izzjCRwMarFZ_GIUu1HsUzOyMe21L8MCUyIvEnjaa9H4ke7DqXPbWQJiTb_W_mJd0lx-DUjhgrlonPL9_3jvM7hL_FRCWD53ADur5bV57vytlZrAtpiJCewen1x8-DQJsxbu-v5jMQmD6yf5PTHh
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELdGJwEviO8FBhgJHs0SO7ETJIQ22LSxrUJok_aW-RMmtUlZOw34o_gb8TlOt6IJnia1L7XTurmL78539_sh9CrLRWo5NUSmjpHcpgVRjFfEvx2XRqRahyrfId8-zD8dFUdL6HffCwNllf2eGDZq02o4I1-jAQpdFBl_P_lOgDUKsqs9hUanFrv257kP2abvdj56-b6mdGvz4MM2iawCRBeUz4i38ZxJyhQvaCVVWXBpvRl1ElJSpXK6KowWlBtWKaUzySUT2viXZM5VlWL-e2-g5Rw6WgdoeWNz-PnLPMSr0nCqA7hnJKNCxGY9JrK1qBtvJt7KQW0CowA0dckYBs4AwFgdtdOr_N2_yzYv2cGtu-hOdGDxeqdx99CSbe6jm_sxRf8A_epQgXDXYIkjYc0UB1Yj7OzYWyQ8tT8wVIR53xOfNHjUnhMsG4PH4biEAGLE2OLAYwGh_Fu8ji8gp3HXbtNdYGeSyAis8hAdXosoHqFB0zZ2BeFMGuVHUydKlxtqpLLUKaPKypaZS1mCWH-nax3Rz4GEY1SHlJ7wUVB3_2qQTx3lkyAyv2rSoX_8Z_4GCHE-F7C7wwft6dc6bgU1ozpjPm60Wsjc-3cqTxlg6GiXccuVS9AKqED_A9P6QvUTtNqrxdXDL-fDfpeA1I9sbHsGc_LAxMjLBD3utGi-SL9w5sOCPEFiQb8W_sXiSHPyLSCRi9xH-4w_-feyXqBb2wf7e_XeznD3KbpN4cQiVOmtosHs9Mw-827dTD2PzxJGx9f9-P4B7GVlCA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELZKkSouqDwbWsBIcDSb2ImdICFUKKuWQsWBSnsLfpZKu8nS3arAT-PXMXac3S6q4FQpucRO4mRmPDOe8TcIPc9ykVpODZGpYyS3aUEU4xWB03FpRKp1yPI94vvH-YdRMVpDv_u9MD6tsp8Tw0RtWu3XyAc0QKGLIuMDF9MiPu8N30y_E19Bykda-3IaHYsc2p8X4L7NXh_sAa1fUDp8_-XdPokVBoguKJ8T0PecScoUL2glVVlwaUGlOunDU6VyuiqMFpQbVimlM8klE9rAIZlzVaUYPPcGuikYWFUgS2K0dPaqNKzveAQ0klEh4rY9JrJB5JKXU9B3PkuBUQ85dUkthuoBHm113M6usnz_TuC8pBGHm-h2NGXxbsd7d9Cabe6ijU8xWH8P_erwgXC31RLH0jUzHOobYWcnoJvwzP7APjcMrFB82uBxe0GwbAyehIUT4rEjJhaHihbeqX-Fd_ESfBp3G2-6G-xcEhkhVu6j42shxAO03rSN3UI4k0ZBa-pE6XJDjVSWOmVUWdkycylLEOv_dK0jDrovxzGuQ3BPgD_U_b_a06eO9EkQWdw17XBA_tP_rSfioq9H8Q4X2rOTOk4KNaM6Y-BBWi1kDpaeylPm0XS0y7jlyiVoy7NA_4JZvRSCBO30bHF187NFM8wXPggkG9ue-z55qMnIywQ97LhoMUgYOAMHIU-QWOGvla9YbWlOvwVMcpGD38_4o38P6ynaAKGtPx4cHW6jW9QvXYR0vR20Pj87t4_BvpurJ0GQMPp63ZL7ByosZ88
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mental+health+problems+among+female+sex+workers+in+low-+and+middle-income+countries%3A+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.jtitle=PLoS+medicine&rft.au=Beattie%2C+Tara+S&rft.au=Smilenova%2C+Boryana&rft.au=Krishnaratne%2C+Shari&rft.au=Mazzuca%2C+April&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.issn=1549-1676&rft.eissn=1549-1676&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e1003297&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1003297&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1549-1676&client=summon