Genomics Reveals the Worldwide Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 6E Pneumococci
The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of clinical microbiology Vol. 53; no. 7; pp. 2271 - 2285 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Society for Microbiology
01.07.2015
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly 100 antigenically distinct serotypes are included in the formulations. Within the serotypes, serogroup 6 pneumococci are a frequent cause of serious disease and common colonizers of the nasopharynx in children. Serotype 6E was first reported in 2004 but was thought to be rare; however, we and others have detected serotype 6E among recent pneumococcal collections. Therefore, we analyzed a diverse data set of ∼1,000 serogroup 6 genomes, assessed the prevalence and distribution of serotype 6E, analyzed the genetic diversity among serogroup 6 pneumococci, and investigated whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced serotype 6A and 6B antibodies mediate the killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We found that 43% of all genomes were of serotype 6E, and they were recovered worldwide from healthy children and patients of all ages with pneumococcal disease. Four genetic lineages, three of which were multidrug resistant, described ∼90% of the serotype 6E pneumococci. Serological assays demonstrated that vaccine-induced serotype 6B antibodies were able to elicit killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We also revealed three major genetic clusters of serotype 6A capsular sequences, discovered a new hybrid 6C/6E serotype, and identified 44 examples of serotype switching. Therefore, while vaccines appear to offer protection against serotype 6E, genetic variants may reduce vaccine efficacy in the longer term because of the emergence of serotypes that can evade vaccine-induced immunity. |
---|---|
AbstractList | ABSTRACT
The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly 100 antigenically distinct serotypes are included in the formulations. Within the serotypes, serogroup 6 pneumococci are a frequent cause of serious disease and common colonizers of the nasopharynx in children. Serotype 6E was first reported in 2004 but was thought to be rare; however, we and others have detected serotype 6E among recent pneumococcal collections. Therefore, we analyzed a diverse data set of ∼1,000 serogroup 6 genomes, assessed the prevalence and distribution of serotype 6E, analyzed the genetic diversity among serogroup 6 pneumococci, and investigated whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced serotype 6A and 6B antibodies mediate the killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We found that 43% of all genomes were of serotype 6E, and they were recovered worldwide from healthy children and patients of all ages with pneumococcal disease. Four genetic lineages, three of which were multidrug resistant, described ∼90% of the serotype 6E pneumococci. Serological assays demonstrated that vaccine-induced serotype 6B antibodies were able to elicit killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We also revealed three major genetic clusters of serotype 6A capsular sequences, discovered a new hybrid 6C/6E serotype, and identified 44 examples of serotype switching. Therefore, while vaccines appear to offer protection against serotype 6E, genetic variants may reduce vaccine efficacy in the longer term because of the emergence of serotypes that can evade vaccine-induced immunity. The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly 100 antigenically distinct serotypes are included in the formulations. Within the serotypes, serogroup 6 pneumococci are a frequent cause of serious disease and common colonizers of the nasopharynx in children. Serotype 6E was first reported in 2004 but was thought to be rare; however, we and others have detected serotype 6E among recent pneumococcal collections. Therefore, we analyzed a diverse data set of ∼1,000 serogroup 6 genomes, assessed the prevalence and distribution of serotype 6E, analyzed the genetic diversity among serogroup 6 pneumococci, and investigated whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced serotype 6A and 6B antibodies mediate the killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We found that 43% of all genomes were of serotype 6E, and they were recovered worldwide from healthy children and patients of all ages with pneumococcal disease. Four genetic lineages, three of which were multidrug resistant, described ∼90% of the serotype 6E pneumococci. Serological assays demonstrated that vaccine-induced serotype 6B antibodies were able to elicit killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We also revealed three major genetic clusters of serotype 6A capsular sequences, discovered a new hybrid 6C/6E serotype, and identified 44 examples of serotype switching. Therefore, while vaccines appear to offer protection against serotype 6E, genetic variants may reduce vaccine efficacy in the longer term because of the emergence of serotypes that can evade vaccine-induced immunity. The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule (unique for each serotype) that surrounds the cell; however, current vaccines are limited by the fact that only a few of the nearly 100 antigenically distinct serotypes are included in the formulations. Within the serotypes, serogroup 6 pneumococci are a frequent cause of serious disease and common colonizers of the nasopharynx in children. Serotype 6E was first reported in 2004 but was thought to be rare; however, we and others have detected serotype 6E among recent pneumococcal collections. Therefore, we analyzed a diverse data set of similar to 1,000 serogroup 6 genomes, assessed the prevalence and distribution of serotype 6E, analyzed the genetic diversity among serogroup 6 pneumococci, and investigated whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced serotype 6A and 6B antibodies mediate the killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We found that 43% of all genomes were of serotype 6E, and they were recovered worldwide from healthy children and patients of all ages with pneumococcal disease. Four genetic lineages, three of which were multidrug resistant, described similar to 90% of the serotype 6E pneumococci. Serological assays demonstrated that vaccine-induced serotype 6B antibodies were able to elicit killing of serotype 6E pneumococci. We also revealed three major genetic clusters of serotype 6A capsular sequences, discovered a new hybrid 6C/6E serotype, and identified 44 examples of serotype switching. Therefore, while vaccines appear to offer protection against serotype 6E, genetic variants may reduce vaccine efficacy in the longer term because of the emergence of serotypes that can evade vaccine-induced immunity. |
Author | Bray, James E Kristinsson, Karl G Goldblatt, David Jolley, Keith A Zancolli, Marta Maiden, Martin C J White, Rebecca Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn Brueggemann, Angela B van Tonder, Andries J Haraldsson, Ásgeir Erlendsdóttir, Helga Quirk, Sigríður J Roalfe, Lucy Bentley, Stephen D |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andries J surname: van Tonder fullname: van Tonder, Andries J organization: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: James E surname: Bray fullname: Bray, James E organization: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Lucy surname: Roalfe fullname: Roalfe, Lucy organization: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Rebecca surname: White fullname: White, Rebecca organization: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Marta surname: Zancolli fullname: Zancolli, Marta organization: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Sigríður J surname: Quirk fullname: Quirk, Sigríður J organization: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland – sequence: 7 givenname: Gunnsteinn surname: Haraldsson fullname: Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn organization: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland – sequence: 8 givenname: Keith A surname: Jolley fullname: Jolley, Keith A organization: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 9 givenname: Martin C J surname: Maiden fullname: Maiden, Martin C J organization: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom – sequence: 10 givenname: Stephen D surname: Bentley fullname: Bentley, Stephen D organization: Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom – sequence: 11 givenname: Ásgeir surname: Haraldsson fullname: Haraldsson, Ásgeir organization: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland – sequence: 12 givenname: Helga surname: Erlendsdóttir fullname: Erlendsdóttir, Helga organization: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland – sequence: 13 givenname: Karl G surname: Kristinsson fullname: Kristinsson, Karl G organization: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland – sequence: 14 givenname: David surname: Goldblatt fullname: Goldblatt, David organization: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 15 givenname: Angela B surname: Brueggemann fullname: Brueggemann, Angela B email: angela.brueggemann@ndm.ox.ac.uk organization: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom angela.brueggemann@ndm.ox.ac.uk |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972423$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNqFkU1PFTEUhhuDkQu6c21m6cLBfk-7MTFXRAwEgxqNm6bTnoGSmfbSdjD8e4cPCa5cncX7nCfn5N1BWzFFQOglwXuEUPX2wk17GHect0Q8QSuCtWqlxD-30ApjLVpCWLeNdkq5wJhwLsQztE2F7iinbIV-HUBMU3ClOYUrsGNp6jk0P1Ie_e_gofkQSs2hn2tIsUlDczyPNfg8n7WnUJbMxtp8hZzq9QYaud98iTBPySXnwnP0dFiE8OJ-7qLvH_e_rT-1RycHh-v3R60TVNaWMrDgPcgB98q5obe-70RPldReKQZS245qRikWHVNMcsl7r5VYFojuiWK76N2ddzP3E3gHsWY7mk0Ok83XJtlg_k1iODdn6cpw3jGi5CJ4fS_I6XKGUs0UioNxtBHSXAzpsCZSc8z_j0qNKVnuFQv65g51OZWSYXi4iGBz05z5vD42t80ZcoO_evzFA_y3KvYH0CaXYQ |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mimet_2020_105909 crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_000479 crossref_primary_10_1093_gbe_evx092 crossref_primary_10_3389_fchem_2022_914698 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_03194_15 crossref_primary_10_1089_adt_2017_789 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2019_00317 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_023_08560_x crossref_primary_10_1099_mgen_0_000090 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0149047 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ibiod_2017_09_009 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep42976 crossref_primary_10_1099_mgen_0_001060 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_2477 crossref_primary_10_1089_mdr_2018_0267 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_01046_18 crossref_primary_10_1093_g3journal_jkae058 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2018_02012 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0169210 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines5010004 |
Cites_doi | 10.1186/gb-2012-13-11-r103 10.1097/INF.0b013e318199f8ef 10.1128/CVI.00086-12 10.1074/jbc.M113.480152 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004041 10.1093/molbev/msr121 10.1074/jbc.M112.380451 10.1128/JCM.01645-13 10.1186/1741-7007-12-49 10.1093/nar/gkr201 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824de9f6 10.1128/CVI.00647-14 10.1101/gr.074492.107 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 10.1093/infdis/jir052 10.1097/00006454-200003000-00003 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl158 10.1111/1469-0691.12461 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001 10.1099/mic.0.055459-0 10.1038/ng.2625 10.1086/606118 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020031 10.1099/13500872-145-8-2023 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 10.1128/JB.186.24.8181-8192.2004 10.1086/657070 10.1371/journal.pone.0025018 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.056 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.017 10.1038/ng.2895 10.1371/journal.pone.0074906 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61204-6 10.1126/science.1198545 10.1186/1471-2105-13-87 10.1371/journal.pone.0009490 10.1186/1471-2164-14-500 10.1099/mic.0.034116-0 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003788 10.1186/1471-2334-13-474 10.1089/mdr.2014.0181 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62225-8 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824f34e6 10.1093/infdis/jis703 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b48ca3 10.3201/eid1611.100941 10.1038/ng.1072 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030168 10.1128/JCM.02199-06 10.1186/1471-2105-11-595 10.1542/peds.2009-3027 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00658.x 10.1128/IAI.00510-07 10.1371/journal.pone.0038271 10.1586/14760584.2015.965160 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70822-9 10.1086/653123 10.1086/341896 10.1093/nar/gkh340 10.1089/mdr.1998.4.51 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright © 2015, van Tonder et al. Copyright © 2015, van Tonder et al. 2015 van Tonder et al. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2015, van Tonder et al. – notice: Copyright © 2015, van Tonder et al. 2015 van Tonder et al. |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 7QL C1K 5PM |
DOI | 10.1128/jcm.00744-15 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine Biology |
DocumentTitleAlternate | Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 6E Pneumococci |
EISSN | 1098-660X |
Editor | Munson, E. |
Editor_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: E. surname: Munson fullname: Munson, E. |
EndPage | 2285 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1128_JCM_00744_15 25972423 |
Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: 100891 – fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: 04992/Z/14/Z – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: 087622 – fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: 083511/Z/07/Z |
GroupedDBID | --- .55 .GJ 0R~ 18M 29K 2WC 39C 3O- 4.4 41~ 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS AAYOK ABOCM ABPPZ ACGFO ADBBV AENEX AFMIJ AGCDD AI. ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BTFSW CGR CS3 CUY CVF D-I DIK DU5 E3Z EBS ECM EIF EJD F5P FRP GX1 HF~ HYE HZ~ H~9 KQ8 L7B NPM O9- OHT OK1 P2P P6G RHF RHI RNS RPM RSF TR2 UCJ VH1 W8F WHG WOQ X7M ZA5 ZCA ZGI ZXP ~KM AAYXX AGVNZ CITATION H13 7X8 7QL C1K 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-23eaedde6f0b8ccfbadb75b2869d883e69a7293220573836464bd985e6f19b183 |
IEDL.DBID | RPM |
ISSN | 0095-1137 |
IngestDate | Tue Sep 17 21:21:38 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 16 23:09:56 EDT 2024 Sun Jul 21 06:53:03 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 12 17:00:58 EDT 2024 Thu May 23 23:29:45 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 7 |
Language | English |
License | Copyright © 2015, van Tonder et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c526t-23eaedde6f0b8ccfbadb75b2869d883e69a7293220573836464bd985e6f19b183 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Citation van Tonder AJ, Bray JE, Roalfe L, White R, Zancolli M, Quirk SJ, Haraldsson G, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, Bentley SD, Haraldsson A, Erlendsdóttir H, Kristinsson KG, Goldblatt D, Brueggemann AB. 2015. Genomics reveals the worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant serotype 6E pneumococci. J Clin Microbiol 53:2271–2285. doi:10.1128/JCM.00744-15. |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473186/ |
PMID | 25972423 |
PQID | 1690217295 |
PQPubID | 23479 |
PageCount | 15 |
ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4473186 proquest_miscellaneous_1709169404 proquest_miscellaneous_1690217295 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_00744_15 pubmed_primary_25972423 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2015-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2015-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2015 text: 2015-07-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | United States |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC |
PublicationTitle | Journal of clinical microbiology |
PublicationTitleAlternate | J Clin Microbiol |
PublicationYear | 2015 |
Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
Publisher_xml | – name: American Society for Microbiology |
References | 27217386 - J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jun;54(6):1670 e_1_3_3_50_2 Wardlaw T (e_1_3_3_3_2) 2014 e_1_3_3_16_2 e_1_3_3_18_2 e_1_3_3_39_2 e_1_3_3_12_2 e_1_3_3_37_2 e_1_3_3_58_2 e_1_3_3_14_2 e_1_3_3_35_2 e_1_3_3_56_2 e_1_3_3_33_2 e_1_3_3_54_2 e_1_3_3_10_2 e_1_3_3_31_2 e_1_3_3_52_2 e_1_3_3_40_2 e_1_3_3_61_2 Wardlaw T (e_1_3_3_2_2) 2006 e_1_3_3_5_2 e_1_3_3_7_2 e_1_3_3_9_2 e_1_3_3_27_2 e_1_3_3_29_2 e_1_3_3_23_2 e_1_3_3_48_2 e_1_3_3_25_2 e_1_3_3_46_2 e_1_3_3_44_2 e_1_3_3_65_2 e_1_3_3_42_2 e_1_3_3_63_2 e_1_3_3_51_2 World Health Organization (e_1_3_3_6_2) 2012; 87 e_1_3_3_17_2 e_1_3_3_19_2 e_1_3_3_38_2 e_1_3_3_13_2 e_1_3_3_36_2 e_1_3_3_59_2 e_1_3_3_15_2 e_1_3_3_34_2 e_1_3_3_57_2 e_1_3_3_32_2 e_1_3_3_55_2 e_1_3_3_11_2 e_1_3_3_30_2 e_1_3_3_53_2 e_1_3_3_62_2 e_1_3_3_60_2 Yother J (e_1_3_3_21_2) 2004 e_1_3_3_8_2 e_1_3_3_28_2 e_1_3_3_49_2 e_1_3_3_24_2 e_1_3_3_47_2 e_1_3_3_26_2 e_1_3_3_45_2 e_1_3_3_20_2 e_1_3_3_43_2 e_1_3_3_4_2 e_1_3_3_22_2 e_1_3_3_41_2 e_1_3_3_64_2 |
References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_3_45_2 doi: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-11-r103 – ident: e_1_3_3_34_2 doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318199f8ef – ident: e_1_3_3_64_2 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00086-12 – ident: e_1_3_3_11_2 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.480152 – ident: e_1_3_3_60_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004041 – ident: e_1_3_3_59_2 doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121 – ident: e_1_3_3_13_2 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.380451 – ident: e_1_3_3_39_2 doi: 10.1128/JCM.01645-13 – ident: e_1_3_3_44_2 doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-12-49 – ident: e_1_3_3_58_2 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr201 – ident: e_1_3_3_7_2 doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824de9f6 – ident: e_1_3_3_14_2 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00647-14 – ident: e_1_3_3_50_2 doi: 10.1101/gr.074492.107 – ident: e_1_3_3_55_2 doi: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 – ident: e_1_3_3_20_2 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir052 – ident: e_1_3_3_8_2 doi: 10.1097/00006454-200003000-00003 – ident: e_1_3_3_53_2 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl158 – ident: e_1_3_3_5_2 doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12461 – ident: e_1_3_3_49_2 doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001 – ident: e_1_3_3_52_2 doi: 10.1099/mic.0.055459-0 – ident: e_1_3_3_43_2 doi: 10.1038/ng.2625 – ident: e_1_3_3_29_2 doi: 10.1086/606118 – ident: e_1_3_3_22_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020031 – ident: e_1_3_3_25_2 doi: 10.1099/13500872-145-8-2023 – ident: e_1_3_3_15_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 – ident: e_1_3_3_37_2 doi: 10.1128/JB.186.24.8181-8192.2004 – ident: e_1_3_3_31_2 doi: 10.1086/657070 – volume-title: Committing to child survival: a promise renewed year: 2014 ident: e_1_3_3_3_2 contributor: fullname: Wardlaw T – ident: e_1_3_3_38_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025018 – volume: 87 start-page: 129 year: 2012 ident: e_1_3_3_6_2 article-title: Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper—2012 publication-title: Wkly Epidemiol Rec contributor: fullname: World Health Organization – ident: e_1_3_3_33_2 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.056 – ident: e_1_3_3_40_2 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.017 – ident: e_1_3_3_42_2 doi: 10.1038/ng.2895 – ident: e_1_3_3_32_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074906 – ident: e_1_3_3_4_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61204-6 – ident: e_1_3_3_48_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1198545 – ident: e_1_3_3_61_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-87 – ident: e_1_3_3_57_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009490 – start-page: 30 volume-title: The pneumococcus year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_3_21_2 contributor: fullname: Yother J – ident: e_1_3_3_46_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-500 – ident: e_1_3_3_30_2 doi: 10.1099/mic.0.034116-0 – ident: e_1_3_3_47_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003788 – ident: e_1_3_3_36_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-474 – ident: e_1_3_3_41_2 doi: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0181 – ident: e_1_3_3_17_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62225-8 – ident: e_1_3_3_62_2 doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824f34e6 – ident: e_1_3_3_26_2 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis703 – ident: e_1_3_3_10_2 doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b48ca3 – ident: e_1_3_3_35_2 doi: 10.3201/eid1611.100941 – ident: e_1_3_3_19_2 doi: 10.1038/ng.1072 – ident: e_1_3_3_18_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030168 – ident: e_1_3_3_28_2 doi: 10.1128/JCM.02199-06 – ident: e_1_3_3_51_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-595 – ident: e_1_3_3_9_2 doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-3027 – ident: e_1_3_3_23_2 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00658.x – ident: e_1_3_3_54_2 doi: 10.1128/IAI.00510-07 – ident: e_1_3_3_65_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038271 – ident: e_1_3_3_16_2 doi: 10.1586/14760584.2015.965160 – ident: e_1_3_3_63_2 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70822-9 – ident: e_1_3_3_12_2 doi: 10.1086/653123 – ident: e_1_3_3_27_2 doi: 10.1086/341896 – ident: e_1_3_3_56_2 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh340 – volume-title: Pneumonia, the forgotten killer of children year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_3_2_2 contributor: fullname: Wardlaw T – ident: e_1_3_3_24_2 doi: 10.1089/mdr.1998.4.51 |
SSID | ssj0014455 |
Score | 2.337019 |
Snippet | The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the... ABSTRACT The pneumococcus is a leading pathogen infecting children and adults. Safe, effective vaccines exist, and they work by inducing antibodies to the... |
SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed |
SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | 2271 |
SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Bacteriology Blood Bactericidal Activity Child Child, Preschool Female Genetic Variation Genotype Global Health Humans Infant Male Middle Aged Molecular Typing Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology Pneumococcal Infections - microbiology Pneumococcal Vaccines - immunology Prevalence Serogroup Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae - classification Streptococcus pneumoniae - genetics Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification Young Adult |
Title | Genomics Reveals the Worldwide Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 6E Pneumococci |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972423 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1690217295 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1709169404 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4473186 |
Volume | 53 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NT9wwEB2xSK16QS39WkqRK5Wj2U0y_jqiLRRRbQUIJNRLFMdOu1I3QewuqP--YydBXSr10HNsORpPxs-ZN_MAPgpnjPAWeeEyxdFgwgtbKW5sZZT15CVROmH6VZ5c4em1uN4A0dfCRNJ-aWcH9c_5QT37EbmVN_Ny1PPERmfTCaIiV5SjAQxUlvVX9C51gCha2QIjeJJkqme7p3p0OpmGVtmIPAmKNYT8VYAT60fSXzjzMV3yj_Pn-DlsdcCRHbYv-AI2fL0NT1opyV_b8HTaJclfwrfPPtYaL9iFvyMcuGAE8lhkzdzPnGefQq_cTuaKNRWLNbjudvWdX_hFgJP1klEIacLfWSaP2FntV_OGAmc5ewVXx0eXkxPeSSjwUqRyydPMF54imKzGVpdlZQtnlbCplsZpnXlpCkLXWai2VXRXlSjROqMFTUiMpc_9NWzWTe3fAiu0ywhv-bFDi1g5bSqkQVLrBIVJcAj7vRXzm7ZTRh5vGKnOyfB5NHyeiCF86E2ckyuH_ERR-2a1yEPGLuhlmX-NUQRwpMExrfem3ZaH1fr9HIJa27CHAaGV9voT8rDYUrvzqJ3_nvkOnhGUEi2Rdxc2l7cr_57gytLuweDLud6LTvobwPbqwQ |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,733,786,790,891,27957,27958,53827,53829 |
linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELZKEY8Lj1JgeRoJjt7dJOPXES0tS2mqqmpRxSWKYwdWsEnVTUDw6xk7ScUWCQnOduREMx5_znwzHyEvudWaOwMst4lkoCFiuSkl06bU0jj0kiCdkB6I-QnsnfLTDcKHWphA2i_MYlx9XY6rxefArTxbFpOBJzY5TGcAEl1RTK6Qq7hfYzlc0vvkAQDvhAs0Z1GUyIHvHqvJ3iz1zbIBWOQ1axD7Sw8o1g-lP5DmZcLkbyfQ7m3yYXj3jnjyZdw2Zlz8vNTW8Z8_7g651WNS-robvks2XLVFrnUqlT-2yPW0z7_fIx_fulDGvKJH7htCzBVF_EgDIef7wjr6xrfh7RW0aF3SUN5rz9tP7MitPFKtGorRqfY_fqnYoYeVa5c1xuRisU1OdneOZ3PWqzOwgseiYXHicofBUZRTo4qiNLk1kptYCW2VSpzQOQL3xBfySrwGCxBgrFYcH4i0wUhyn2xWdeUeEpormyCUc1MLBqC0SpeAk4RSEXAdwYi8GsyTnXVNOLJweYlVhhbNgkWziI_Ii8F2Ge4Sn_rIK1e3q8wnA70Ul_7bHInYSWiY4noPOntfrDY4yojINU-4mOC7dK-PoH1Dt-7eno_--8nn5Mb8ON3P9t8dvH9MbiJi4x1f-AnZbM5b9xRRUWOehT3wC31lC9Q |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELagiKoXHuW1PI0ER282yfh1RNsupbDVqqJS1UsUxw6symZX3QQEv56xk1TdInHoOWM50YzHnzOf5yPkHbdac2eA5TaVDDTELDelZNqUWhqHURKkE6ZH4uAEDk_56RWpr0DaL8x8WP1YDKv598CtXC2KqOeJRbPpGEBiKIpoZcvoNrmDazbR_UG9KyAA8Fa8QHMWx6nsOe-Jig7HU98wG4DFXrcG8b_0oGJzY_oHbV4nTV7ZhSb3yVn__i355HzY1GZY_LnW2vFGH_iA3OuwKf3Qmjwkt1y1S-62apW_d8n2tKvDPyJnH124zrymx-4nQs01RRxJAzHn19w6uufb8XZKWnRZ0nDN114039ixW3vEWtUUs9TS_wCmYp_OKtcslpibi_ljcjLZ_zo-YJ1KAyt4ImqWpC53mCRFOTKqKEqTWyO5SZTQVqnUCZ0jgE_9hV6Jx2EBAozViuOAWBvMKE_IVrWs3DNCc2VThHRuZMEAlFbpEtBIKBUD1zEMyPveRdmqbcaRhUNMojL0aha8msV8QN72_stwtfgSSF65ZbPOfFHQS3Lp_9lIxFBCwwjne9r6_HK2PlgGRG5Ew6WB79a9-QR9HLp2dz59fuORb8j2bG-Sffl09PkF2UHgxlva8EuyVV807hWCo9q8DsvgL-hnDlQ |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genomics+Reveals+the+Worldwide+Distribution+of+Multidrug-Resistant+Serotype+6E+Pneumococci&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.au=van+Tonder%2C+Andries+J&rft.au=Bray%2C+James+E&rft.au=Roalfe%2C+Lucy&rft.au=White%2C+Rebecca&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.eissn=1098-660X&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2271&rft.epage=2285&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.00744-15&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0095-1137&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0095-1137&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0095-1137&client=summon |