Complement Activation Determines the Therapeutic Activity of Rituximab In Vivo
Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of rituximab in vivo is however still unclear. We have set up a new in vivo model in nonimmunodeficient mic...
Saved in:
| Published in | The Journal of immunology (1950) Vol. 171; no. 3; pp. 1581 - 1587 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Am Assoc Immnol
01.08.2003
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of rituximab in vivo is however still unclear. We have set up a new in vivo model in nonimmunodeficient mice by stable transduction of the human CD20 cDNA in the murine lymphoma line EL4. Animals injected i.v. with the EL4-CD20(+) lymphoma cells died within 30 days with evident liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. A single injection of rituximab or the murine anti-CD20 Ab 1F5, given i.p. 1 day after the tumor, cured 100% of the animals. Indeed, at week 4 after tumor cell inoculation, CD20(+) cells were undetectable in all organs analyzed in rituximab-treated animals, as determined by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Rituximab had no direct effect on tumor growth in vitro. Depletion of either NK cells or neutrophils or both in tumor-injected animals did not affect the therapeutic activity of the drug. Similarly, rituximab was able to eradicate tumor cells in athymic nude mice, suggesting that its activity is T cell independent. In contrast, the protective activity of rituximab or the 1F5 Ab was completely abolished in syngeneic knockout animals lacking C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of C (C1qa(-/-)). These data demonstrate that C activation is fundamental for rituximab therapeutic activity in vivo. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract
Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of rituximab in vivo is however still unclear. We have set up a new in vivo model in nonimmunodeficient mice by stable transduction of the human CD20 cDNA in the murine lymphoma line EL4. Animals injected i.v. with the EL4-CD20+ lymphoma cells died within 30 days with evident liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. A single injection of rituximab or the murine anti-CD20 Ab 1F5, given i.p. 1 day after the tumor, cured 100% of the animals. Indeed, at week 4 after tumor cell inoculation, CD20+ cells were undetectable in all organs analyzed in rituximab-treated animals, as determined by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Rituximab had no direct effect on tumor growth in vitro. Depletion of either NK cells or neutrophils or both in tumor-injected animals did not affect the therapeutic activity of the drug. Similarly, rituximab was able to eradicate tumor cells in athymic nude mice, suggesting that its activity is T cell independent. In contrast, the protective activity of rituximab or the 1F5 Ab was completely abolished in syngeneic knockout animals lacking C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of C (C1qa−/−). These data demonstrate that C activation is fundamental for rituximab therapeutic activity in vivo. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of rituximab in vivo is however still unclear. We have set up a new in vivo model in nonimmunodeficient mice by stable transduction of the human CD20 cDNA in the murine lymphoma line EL4. Animals injected i.v. with the EL4-CD20 super(+) lymphoma cells died within 30 days with evident liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. A single injection of rituximab or the murine anti-CD20 Ab 1F5, given i.p. 1 day after the tumor, cured 100% of the animals. Indeed, at week 4 after tumor cell inoculation, CD20 super(+) cells were undetectable in all organs analyzed in rituximab-treated animals, as determined by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Rituximab had no direct effect on tumor growth in vitro. Depletion of either NK cells or neutrophils or both in tumor-injected animals did not affect the therapeutic activity of the drug. Similarly, rituximab was able to eradicate tumor cells in athymic nude mice, suggesting that its activity is T cell independent. In contrast, the protective activity of rituximab or the 1F5 Ab was completely abolished in syngeneic knockout animals lacking C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of C (C1qa super(-/-)). These data demonstrate that C activation is fundamental for rituximab therapeutic activity in vivo. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of rituximab in vivo is however still unclear. We have set up a new in vivo model in nonimmunodeficient mice by stable transduction of the human CD20 cDNA in the murine lymphoma line EL4. Animals injected i.v. with the EL4-CD20(+) lymphoma cells died within 30 days with evident liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. A single injection of rituximab or the murine anti-CD20 Ab 1F5, given i.p. 1 day after the tumor, cured 100% of the animals. Indeed, at week 4 after tumor cell inoculation, CD20(+) cells were undetectable in all organs analyzed in rituximab-treated animals, as determined by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Rituximab had no direct effect on tumor growth in vitro. Depletion of either NK cells or neutrophils or both in tumor-injected animals did not affect the therapeutic activity of the drug. Similarly, rituximab was able to eradicate tumor cells in athymic nude mice, suggesting that its activity is T cell independent. In contrast, the protective activity of rituximab or the 1F5 Ab was completely abolished in syngeneic knockout animals lacking C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of C (C1qa(-/-)). These data demonstrate that C activation is fundamental for rituximab therapeutic activity in vivo. |
| Author | Nota, Rachele Vecchi, Annunciata Introna, Martino Di Gaetano, Nicola Scanziani, Eugenio Golay, Josee Cittera, Elena Botto, Marina Grieco, Valeria |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Di Gaetano, Nicola – sequence: 2 fullname: Cittera, Elena – sequence: 3 fullname: Nota, Rachele – sequence: 4 fullname: Vecchi, Annunciata – sequence: 5 fullname: Grieco, Valeria – sequence: 6 fullname: Scanziani, Eugenio – sequence: 7 fullname: Botto, Marina – sequence: 8 fullname: Introna, Martino – sequence: 9 fullname: Golay, Josee |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874252$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkE9P3DAQRy1EBcufT4CEcqKnbGfsOHGOaKEtEqJSBVwtJztmjeJ4iR22fPsG7Vb0xmku7_ekeUdsvw89MXaGMC-gqL89O-_HPnRzrHAu5igV7rEZSgl5WUK5z2YAnOdYldUhO4rxGQBK4MUBO0SuqoJLPmN3i-DXHXnqU3bZJvdqkgt9dkWJBu96illaUXa_osGsaUyu3VIuvWXBZr9dGv84b5rsps8e3Ws4YV-s6SKd7u4xe_h-fb_4md_--nGzuLzNW8llyptKQmNUXVglShCWBPC2rRppDRIYgYBF05aVVdYsayusrK2hZY1LYSQYJY7Zxda7HsLLSDFp72JLXWd6CmPUlShqQC4_BVEpBFXDBIot2A4hxoGsXg_TZ8ObRtDvvfW_3nrqrYV-7z2tznf6sfG0_NjsAk_A1y2wck-rjRtIR2-6bsJRbzab_1R_AZzxjik |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_antib9040063 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molmed_2004_01_009 crossref_primary_10_3390_antib9040064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymeth_2013_06_036 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_cji_0000211315_21116_07 crossref_primary_10_1177_2040620715586528 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1432_2277_2006_00284_x crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2014_922535 crossref_primary_10_1196_annals_1361_112 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2012_09_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_it_2004_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1097_CAD_0b013e3281e444cb crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2009_05_222463 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2249_2007_03507_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2016_06_009 crossref_primary_10_6002_ect_2012_0012 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_07_6297 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2012_758705 crossref_primary_10_3390_antib9040068 crossref_primary_10_1038_bmt_2013_133 crossref_primary_10_5482_HAMO_12_12_0023 crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_aaa4802 crossref_primary_10_1158_1535_7163_MCT_10_0385 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbspin_2009_03_010 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2023023370 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11060_020_03470_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1349_7006_2009_01239_x crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules24050941 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imlet_2021_05_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaut_2016_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_imm_12391 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_1122009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_revmed_2004_12_013 crossref_primary_10_3390_immuno2010013 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2009_09_244129 crossref_primary_10_1080_10428190500399193 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_31 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00115_008_2663_3 crossref_primary_10_1158_1535_7163_MCT_12_0731 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2007_02_074716 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtauto_2019_100017 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjd_15193 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_25000 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02698031 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_005_0105_7 crossref_primary_10_17517_ksutfd_1366987 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exphem_2005_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_6_8_787 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41420_023_01698_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_antib9040058 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells10092426 crossref_primary_10_1074_jbc_M113_486142 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_1_3_8292 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_018_2224_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11912_018_0748_0 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_20761 crossref_primary_10_1080_10428190902878471 crossref_primary_10_1080_2162402X_2017_1349587 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1759_1961_2012_00029_x crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_26626 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00277_011_1369_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_005_0686_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imlet_2012_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_08_1694 crossref_primary_10_1634_theoncologist_12_9_1084 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_2_2_11158 crossref_primary_10_2217_nnm_11_50 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejim_2015_07_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2006_06_029 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_immunol_021908_132544 crossref_primary_10_1111_eci_12962 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12026_007_0073_4 crossref_primary_10_1097_HS9_0000000000000504 crossref_primary_10_3390_antib9030034 crossref_primary_10_1089_dna_2018_4199 crossref_primary_10_1158_2326_6066_CIR_13_0067 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12185_010_0635_4 crossref_primary_10_1200_JCO_2003_05_013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_020_02503_0 crossref_primary_10_1517_14728222_12_3_341 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_23363 crossref_primary_10_1002_iub_1064 crossref_primary_10_1080_14653240802317647 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_abd6167 crossref_primary_10_1002_ddr_10343 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_3083_2008_02129_x crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_12672 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2141_2007_06974_x crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2011_567262 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1291836 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00115_008_2664_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jim_2007_06_011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12026_016_8827_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_006_0260_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jim_2004_03_012 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1202588 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2008_05_157966 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_01395 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2015_09_001 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_065X_2008_00601_x crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_179_6_4263 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_37029_3 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0107692 crossref_primary_10_2217_fon_2017_0156 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_593610 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2009_01_029 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1349_7006_2006_00139_x crossref_primary_10_1038_nrc2394 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2020006200 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_3_3_15299 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2015_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaut_2017_06_002 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2008_08_172999 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_5_1_S15 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_1021828 crossref_primary_10_1038_ni_3770 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0036698 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leukres_2021_106684 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2008_01_135160 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_08_0745 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2004_04_006 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_05_0554 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2141_2004_05239_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rhum_2009_03_009 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0139835 crossref_primary_10_1111_cei_13545 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2010_07_298356 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2009_01_200469 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_24998 crossref_primary_10_1038_nri2744 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0275776 crossref_primary_10_1517_13543784_16_4_477 crossref_primary_10_1080_10428190500286481 crossref_primary_10_1097_PPO_0000000000000137 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_8_8_1123 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_021_02976_7 crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_3005361 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2004_03_1110 crossref_primary_10_1159_000088822 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiosc_2010_12_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2007_06_007 crossref_primary_10_3109_10428194_2013_869325 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23031501 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_0900632 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_29670 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_0713732 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0179841 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_8_6_759 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_6143_2008_02295_x crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_abl4363 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1445_5994_2011_02587_x crossref_primary_10_1097_CAD_0b013e328337d485 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ctrv_2015_05_007 crossref_primary_10_1158_1535_7163_MCT_16_0041 crossref_primary_10_4155_ppa_15_3 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_09_4109 crossref_primary_10_1021_bp050228w crossref_primary_10_1186_s13045_019_0801_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11899_019_00542_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abb_2012_02_011 crossref_primary_10_1093_rheumatology_keq423 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_20857 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_005_0672_7 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_05_3434 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712590903586239 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1700787 crossref_primary_10_1093_jb_mvq149 crossref_primary_10_18632_oncotarget_26588 crossref_primary_10_1038_nri2761 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_177_10_7435 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines8010098 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molonc_2007_01_003 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_06_0018 crossref_primary_10_3892_ol_2018_9630 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_174_12_7859 crossref_primary_10_1074_jbc_M708459200 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1501458 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jim_2005_06_018 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_181_4_2916 crossref_primary_10_1182_bloodadvances_2021004598 crossref_primary_10_1038_mt_2012_212 crossref_primary_10_1515_mr_2022_0033 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_4_3_375 crossref_primary_10_2217_pgs_14_60 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neo_2017_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2006_11_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2015_01_028 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1442_200X_2006_02251_x crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD009130_pub3 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminhematol_2007_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1208_s12249_022_02412_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12026_007_8009_6 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2004_05_1733 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminhematol_2010_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_129_11_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10067_023_06781_8 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminhematol_2010_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1080_10428194_2017_1281411 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_32106 crossref_primary_10_3109_10428194_2016_1157874 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_03_2862 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00281_006_0057_9 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminhematol_2010_01_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2007_06_151 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_178_10_6616 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_004_0599_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_febslet_2013_11_007 crossref_primary_10_1038_leu_2013_169 crossref_primary_10_1634_theoncologist_2008_0089 crossref_primary_10_18632_oncotarget_12412 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13760_023_02329_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_nbt1137 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2005_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2012_657622 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2567_2005_02213_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semcancer_2011_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2007_06_013 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_23_0295 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2021_751904 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjh_15132 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_958273 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_09_2345 crossref_primary_10_1038_mtm_2016_13 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminhematol_2010_01_011 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2141_2007_06916_x crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_abe9726 crossref_primary_10_1128_mBio_01743_21 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbmt_2013_03_010 crossref_primary_10_1089_10430340460732463 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2009_08_232967 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_010_0905_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2007_08_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jim_2008_01_002 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2012_735655 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_cmr_0000200490_62723_b0 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2003_06_2031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2011_04_024 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1000303 crossref_primary_10_3109_10428194_2013_781169 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers13164049 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40259_023_00618_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12016_019_08741_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_imcb_12324 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_canlet_2010_01_023 crossref_primary_10_1517_14712598_2013_787064 crossref_primary_10_3390_antib2040598 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2008_08_175125 crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2014_0235 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2012_01_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ctrv_2012_10_008 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1811615115 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1301628 crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_202350454 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2013_03_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_canlet_2009_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_99875_9 crossref_primary_10_1177_1756285609356135 crossref_primary_10_1126_stke_2412004pe30 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_178_4_2287 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_05_1905 crossref_primary_10_1155_2016_4963950 crossref_primary_10_1172_jci_insight_155636 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_06_0066 crossref_primary_10_1002_btpr_470 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2008_03_012 crossref_primary_10_1517_13543776_17_9_1047 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_177_6_4187 crossref_primary_10_4161_mabs_26008 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_957874 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines7010020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imbio_2015_11_008 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers14133037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2007_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1084_jem_20040119 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_04_1134 crossref_primary_10_1182_bloodadvances_2021005367 crossref_primary_10_1002_iid3_569 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymeth_2013_07_027 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12026_014_8542_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2017_00950 crossref_primary_10_1080_07853890701477546 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_023_11910_z crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2005_04_1769 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2010_07_296913 crossref_primary_10_1189_jlb_1105623 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_smim_2016_03_003 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2017_01245 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers14194800 crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_200425920 crossref_primary_10_1586_14737175_8_3_433 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41571_021_00484_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_leu_2012_150 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0145_2126_06_80002_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_22505 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1349_7006_2010_01739_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10555_011_9282_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2006_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2008_04_149161 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_584509 crossref_primary_10_1111_imr_12389 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clml_2019_09_604 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_10_3016 crossref_primary_10_18632_aging_202238 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_blre_2017_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12414_018_0294_6 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_07_5601 crossref_primary_10_1200_JCO_2005_07_040 crossref_primary_10_3109_10428191003717746 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1445_5994_2010_02173_x crossref_primary_10_1159_000479978 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00005_010_0081_2 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_08_1685 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00005_011_0146_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immbio_2006_07_003 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24032632 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_181_1_822 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beha_2011_03_004 crossref_primary_10_1097_00001813_200403000_00002 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmmed_2023_1140977 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1349_7006_2009_01222_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2249_2009_03979_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s12185_010_0669_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxins6030869 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_172_5_3280 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_07_1811 crossref_primary_10_1097_FTD_0000000000000419 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beha_2011_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1038_leu_2014_185 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2004_06_2450 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_08_1536 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12969_018_0285_2 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajh_23273 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molimm_2014_06_035 crossref_primary_10_1517_13543780902905848 crossref_primary_10_1080_14712598_2020_1688298 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2141_2006_06155_x crossref_primary_10_1517_14712591003774063 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241210126 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms17111862 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00262_019_02389_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_cji_0000203081_43235_d7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbmt_2014_04_028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imlet_2012_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1159_000479980 crossref_primary_10_1586_1744666X_4_5_573 crossref_primary_10_1158_1541_7786_MCR_11_0154 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_176_4_2600 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0074216 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2009_10_248609 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leukres_2004_12_014 crossref_primary_10_1111_rssb_12224 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrc1913 crossref_primary_10_1158_0008_5472_CAN_05_1894 crossref_primary_10_18632_oncotarget_25657 crossref_primary_10_1038_nri1838 crossref_primary_10_1038_nri1837 crossref_primary_10_1093_qjmed_hcn133 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_174_7_4389 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_8722_5_51 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_moh_0000141927_77393_39 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1349_7006_2009_01327_x crossref_primary_10_1111_bph_13450 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drudis_2019_06_018 crossref_primary_10_33590_emjhematol_10312666 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oraloncology_2009_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2006_04_020057 crossref_primary_10_2217_imt_13_35 crossref_primary_10_1093_rheumatology_keh446 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_1601268 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hoc_2006_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1158_1535_7163_MCT_05_0253 crossref_primary_10_1172_JCI90962 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_27107_9 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1084/jem.178.3.1103 10.1038/nature01195 10.1038/sj.leu.2402424 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1800101.x 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01537-6 10.1182/blood.V83.2.435.bloodjournal832435 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00002-1 10.1089/10430340050015798 10.1182/blood.V98.9.2771 10.1038/74704 10.1038/ng0598-56 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1911 10.1172/JCI16577 10.1182/blood.V98.12.3383 10.1053/sonc.2002.30142 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0469 10.1182/blood.V99.10.3707 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0876 10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.125 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.2.317 10.1182/blood.V91.5.1644 10.1038/35101072 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3676 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00383.x 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03166.x 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00327-8 10.1182/blood.V95.12.3900 10.1182/blood.V97.8.2420 10.1182/blood.V101.1.253 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1761 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.21 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03014.x 10.1182/blood.V99.3.1038 10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3795 10.1182/blood.V99.3.754 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2571 10.1056/NEJMoa011795 10.1182/blood.V100.5.1765.h81702001765_1765_1773 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00294-7 10.1073/pnas.092112999 10.1042/bst0250705 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1314 10.1182/blood.V82.3.931.931 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7T5 H94 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.4049/jimmunol.171.3.1581 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Immunology Abstracts AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Immunology Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Biology |
| EISSN | 1550-6606 |
| EndPage | 1587 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_4049_jimmunol_171_3_1581 12874252 www171_3_1581 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | - 08R 2WC 34G 39C 3O- 53G 55 5GY 5RE 5VS 79B 85S 8RP AALRV AARDX ABEFU ABFLS ABOCM ABPPZ ABPTK ACGFS ACIWK ACNCT ACPRK ADACO ADBBV ADKFC AENEX AETEA AFFNX AFRAH AJYGW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BAWUL D0L DIK DU5 E3Z EBS EJD F5P FH7 FRP G8K GJ GX1 IH2 J5H K-O K78 KQ8 L7B MVM MYA NEJ O0- OK1 P0W P2P PQEST PQQKQ R.V RHF RHI RZQ SJN SKT TWZ VH1 WH7 WOQ X X7M XJT YCJ ZA5 ZE2 ZGI ZXP --- -~X .55 .GJ 18M ABCQX ABJNI ACGFO ADNWM AFHIN AFOSN AHWXS AI. AIZAD BTFSW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM TR2 W8F XSW XTH YHG AAYXX CITATION 7T5 H94 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-b750ba894f83603fe302cc7b5fa1e0a31014bc67f8fad9f3f59faed91d3a50a83 |
| ISSN | 0022-1767 |
| IngestDate | Fri Aug 16 07:58:19 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 17 00:28:42 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 18:30:27 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:33:33 EDT 2024 Tue Nov 10 19:48:01 EST 2020 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c525t-b750ba894f83603fe302cc7b5fa1e0a31014bc67f8fad9f3f59faed91d3a50a83 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/171/3/1581/1167097/1581.pdf |
| PMID | 12874252 |
| PQID | 18810890 |
| PQPubID | 23462 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_73490125 proquest_miscellaneous_18810890 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_171_3_1581 pubmed_primary_12874252 highwire_smallpub1_www171_3_1581 |
| ProviderPackageCode | RHF RHI |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20030801 2003-Aug-01 2003-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2003-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2003 text: 20030801 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | The Journal of immunology (1950) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Immunol |
| PublicationYear | 2003 |
| Publisher | Am Assoc Immnol |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Am Assoc Immnol |
| References | 2022123017563783800_R12 2022123017563783800_R34 2022123017563783800_R13 2022123017563783800_R35 2022123017563783800_R10 2022123017563783800_R32 2022123017563783800_R11 2022123017563783800_R33 2022123017563783800_R16 2022123017563783800_R38 2022123017563783800_R17 2022123017563783800_R39 2022123017563783800_R14 2022123017563783800_R36 2022123017563783800_R15 2022123017563783800_R37 2022123017563783800_R30 2022123017563783800_R31 2022123017563783800_R18 2022123017563783800_R19 2022123017563783800_R23 2022123017563783800_R24 2022123017563783800_R21 2022123017563783800_R43 2022123017563783800_R22 2022123017563783800_R44 2022123017563783800_R27 2022123017563783800_R28 2022123017563783800_R25 2022123017563783800_R26 2022123017563783800_R9 2022123017563783800_R41 2022123017563783800_R20 2022123017563783800_R42 2022123017563783800_R40 2022123017563783800_R4 2022123017563783800_R3 2022123017563783800_R2 2022123017563783800_R1 2022123017563783800_R8 2022123017563783800_R7 2022123017563783800_R6 2022123017563783800_R5 2022123017563783800_R29 |
| References_xml | – ident: 2022123017563783800_R19 doi: 10.1084/jem.178.3.1103 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R22 doi: 10.1038/nature01195 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R28 doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402424 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R39 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1800101.x – ident: 2022123017563783800_R40 doi: 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01537-6 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R3 doi: 10.1182/blood.V83.2.435.bloodjournal832435 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R27 doi: 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00002-1 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R17 doi: 10.1089/10430340050015798 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R9 doi: 10.1182/blood.V98.9.2771 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R13 doi: 10.1038/74704 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R21 doi: 10.1038/ng0598-56 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R24 doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1911 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R42 doi: 10.1172/JCI16577 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R7 doi: 10.1182/blood.V98.12.3383 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R37 doi: 10.1053/sonc.2002.30142 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R38 doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0469 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R32 doi: 10.1182/blood.V99.10.3707 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R11 doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0876 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R2 doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.125 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R6 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.2.317 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R14 doi: 10.1182/blood.V91.5.1644 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R1 doi: 10.1038/35101072 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R35 doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3676 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R25 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00383.x – ident: 2022123017563783800_R10 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03166.x – ident: 2022123017563783800_R43 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00327-8 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R8 doi: 10.1182/blood.V95.12.3900 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R4 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R31 doi: 10.1182/blood.V97.8.2420 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R41 doi: 10.1182/blood.V101.1.253 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R33 doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1761 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R23 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.21 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R34 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03014.x – ident: 2022123017563783800_R16 doi: 10.1182/blood.V99.3.1038 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R18 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3795 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R12 doi: 10.1182/blood.V99.3.754 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R44 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2571 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R5 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011795 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R26 doi: 10.1182/blood.V100.5.1765.h81702001765_1765_1773 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R30 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00294-7 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R20 doi: 10.1073/pnas.092112999 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R36 doi: 10.1042/bst0250705 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R15 doi: 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1314 – ident: 2022123017563783800_R29 doi: 10.1182/blood.V82.3.931.931 |
| SSID | ssj0006024 |
| Score | 2.3798683 |
| Snippet | Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent cellular... Abstract Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric mAb effective for the treatment of B-NHL. It can lyse lymphoma cells in vitro through both C- and Ab-dependent... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref pubmed highwire |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1581 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal - administration & dosage Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity - genetics Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity - immunology Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use Cell Division - genetics Cell Division - immunology Cell Survival - genetics Cell Survival - immunology Complement C1q - deficiency Complement C1q - genetics Complement C1q - physiology Complement Pathway, Classical - genetics Complement Pathway, Classical - immunology Humans Lymphocyte Depletion Lymphoma - immunology Lymphoma - pathology Lymphoma - prevention & control Lymphoma - therapy Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Nude Neoplasm Metastasis - immunology Neoplasm Metastasis - prevention & control Neoplasm Metastasis - therapy Neoplasm Transplantation Neutrophils - pathology Rituximab Tumor Cells, Cultured |
| Title | Complement Activation Determines the Therapeutic Activity of Rituximab In Vivo |
| URI | http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/171/3/1581 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874252 https://search.proquest.com/docview/18810890 https://search.proquest.com/docview/73490125 |
| Volume | 171 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lj9MwELZgEYgLguVVnj7AqbRrx3HiHBGPXSHR0y7qzXISW4rUJqvddAv8embivLbaSsAlqhLLSef77IydmW8IeSdMAm9ZGc7gXWlhgRKHszQ2GQx3xyJrUE-lifJdRCdn4belXA5hRU12SZ3Os9835pX8D6pwDnDFLNl_QLbvFE7Ab8AXjoAwHP8KYxzMPvy70cTwu6vTvI1wQfEGIMEow8q3aoMwLop687NYmxS3PK6Kq2rspw4ZY15UArNIvFrT--abGBvtIHwupsfGgpNZ9dQawn8KzBYyPoDMlv35RdV6ragnverJ9QOgbqoMT1H3H5VAanNtX0L0UXHjPAEe-2Ib_Vwb8xGpxGjm5NKXbtmd0kNYwuCU3v7ROfQwF_Pd1oDL-bpBmaOAf-BVcXeUtLtLt8mdIE4kBoAeL4eAoIgFYactj8_tNarw_kc33B3VZtv-rrs0ncz0_iVL47qcPiQPWhzpR0-gR-SWLQ_JXV-F9Nchufe9ja94TBYDo-jAKDowigKb6IhRtGMUrRztGUWLkiKjnpCzr19OP53M2oobs0wGsoZhKllqVBI6zO0RzgoWZFmcSme4ZUZgYec0i2KnnMkTJ5xMnLF5wnNhJDNKPCUHZVXa54QmXKbOGCeySIWpcMqI0OSKZY4rBx1MyIfOaPrcC6toWJCiuXVnbg3m1kKjuSeEdobVl2uzWoFBud5ut-MmbzuDa5gj8cOXKW21udRcKc5Uwva3gDkJHONATsgzj9TwTC3IL_ZeeUnuD_x_RQ7qi419DZ5qnb5pCPYHFTOThg |
| link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,27955,27956 |
| linkProvider | Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Complement+activation+determines+the+therapeutic+activity+of+rituximab+in+vivo&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+immunology+%281950%29&rft.au=Di+Gaetano%2C+Nicola&rft.au=Cittera%2C+Elena&rft.au=Nota%2C+Rachele&rft.au=Vecchi%2C+Annunciata&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.issn=0022-1767&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1581&rft_id=info:doi/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.171.3.1581&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12874252&rft.externalDocID=12874252 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0022-1767&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0022-1767&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0022-1767&client=summon |