Impact of biochar on nitrous oxide emissions from upland rice
The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilizatio...
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Published in | Journal of environmental management Vol. 169; pp. 27 - 33 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
15.03.2016
Academic Press Ltd |
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Abstract | The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha−1 split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C–CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses.
•Application of biochar in soil has effect on the emission of nitrous oxide.•Biochar increases the retention capacity of soil moisture.•Biochar reduces soil acidity.•Biochar improves the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use.•The emission factor for nitrous oxide was lower than recommended by the IPCC. |
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AbstractList | The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha(-1) split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha(-1)), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha(-1) of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha(-1) of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha−1 split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C–CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. •Application of biochar in soil has effect on the emission of nitrous oxide.•Biochar increases the retention capacity of soil moisture.•Biochar reduces soil acidity.•Biochar improves the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use.•The emission factor for nitrous oxide was lower than recommended by the IPCC. The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha... split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha...), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha... of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha... of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) All rights reserved, Elsevier The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha... split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha...), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha... of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha... of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) [web URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479715304357] The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha(-1) split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha(-1)), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha(-1) of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha(-1) of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. The objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in the field in a Cerrado Haplic Plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. The treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg N ha-1 split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), with four replications. The application of N and the emission of N2O, moisture retention and soil temperature, respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon in the soil (C-SMB), total nitrogen (TN), pH and agronomic efficiency in N use (AENu) were evaluated five years after the application of biochar. There was a significant correlation of the application of biochar with moisture retention (r = 0.94**), N2O emission (r = 0.86**) and soil pH (r = 0.65*), and N2O emissions showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with soil moisture (r = 0.77**) and pH (r = 0.66*). Thus the highest N2O emissions were observed shortly after N fertilization and in the treatments with 32 Mg ha-1 of biochar. Despite the higher N2O emissions from the application of 32 Mg ha-1 of biochar, the emission factor was lower (0.81%) than the maximum recommended by the IPCC. The higher N2O emissions with application of biochar are offset by more efficient use of N and consequently the possibility of reduction of applied doses. |
Author | Borges de Lima, Larissa Petter, Fabiano André Alves de Morais, Leidimar Marimon Júnior, Ben Hur Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fabiano André surname: Petter fullname: Petter, Fabiano André email: petter@ufmt.br organization: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, CEP: 78557-267, Sinop, MT, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Larissa surname: Borges de Lima fullname: Borges de Lima, Larissa organization: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, CEP: 78557-267, Sinop, MT, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Ben Hur surname: Marimon Júnior fullname: Marimon Júnior, Ben Hur organization: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Xavantina, PO Box 08, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Leidimar surname: Alves de Morais fullname: Alves de Morais, Leidimar organization: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, CEP: 78557-267, Sinop, MT, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Beatriz Schwantes surname: Marimon fullname: Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes organization: Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Xavantina, PO Box 08, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil |
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Keywords | Denitrification Oryza sativa Efficient use of nitrogen Pyrogenic carbon Nitrification |
Language | English |
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SubjectTerms | Biomass Carbon - analysis Charcoal Correlation analysis Denitrification Efficient use of nitrogen Emissions Fertilizers Moisture content Nitric oxide Nitrification Nitrogen - metabolism Nitrous Oxide - analysis Oryza - metabolism Oryza sativa Pyrogenic carbon Rice Soil - chemistry |
Title | Impact of biochar on nitrous oxide emissions from upland rice |
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