A bacterial type III effector hijacks plant ubiquitin proteases to evade degradation

• Published in: PLoS pathogens Vol. 21; no. 1; p. e1012882
• Main Authors: Yu, Wenjia, Li, Meng, Wang, Wenjun, Zhuang, Haiyan, Luo, Jiamin, Sang, Yuying, Segonzac, Cecile, Macho, Alberto P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 22.01.2025; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Bacterial diseases of plants; Bacterial proteins; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Biology and Life Sciences; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Microbiological research; Physiological aspects; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Proteolysis; Ralstonia solanacearum - metabolism; Ralstonia solanacearum - pathogenicity; Research and Analysis Methods; Type III Secretion Systems - metabolism; Ubiquitin-proteasome system; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases - metabolism; China
• ISSN: 1553-7374; 1553-7366; 1553-7374
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012882

Gram-negative bacterial pathogens inject effector proteins inside plant cells using a type III secretion system. These effectors manipulate plant cellular functions and suppress the plant immune system in order to promote bacterial proliferation. Despite the fact that bacterial effectors are exogenous threatening proteins potentially exposed to the protein degradation systems inside plant cells, effectors are relative stable and able to perform their virulence functions. In this work, we found that RipE1, an effector protein secreted by the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum , undergoes phosphorylation of specific residues inside plant cells, and this promotes its stability. Moreover, RipE1 associates with plant ubiquitin proteases, which contribute to RipE1 deubiquitination and stabilization. The absence of those specific phosphorylation sites or specific host ubiquitin proteases leads to a substantial decrease in RipE1 protein accumulation, indicating that RipE1 hijacks plant post-translational modification regulators in order to promote its own stability. These results suggest that effector stability or degradation in plant cells constitute another molecular event subject to co-evolution between plants and pathogens.