Evaluation of constitutive iron reductase (AtFRO2) expression on mineral accumulation and distribution in soybean (Glycine max. L)
Iron is an important micronutrient in human and plant nutrition. Adequate iron nutrition during crop production is central for assuring appropriate iron concentrations in the harvestable organs, for human food or animal feed. The whole-plant movement of iron involves several processes, including the...
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Published in | Frontiers in plant science Vol. 5; p. 112 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | Iron is an important micronutrient in human and plant nutrition. Adequate iron nutrition during crop production is central for assuring appropriate iron concentrations in the harvestable organs, for human food or animal feed. The whole-plant movement of iron involves several processes, including the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron at several locations throughout the plant, prior to transmembrane trafficking of ferrous iron. In this study, soybean plants that constitutively expressed the AtFRO2 iron reductase gene were analyzed for leaf iron reductase activity, as well as the effect of this transgene's expression on root, leaf, pod wall, and seed mineral concentrations. High Fe supply, in combination with the constitutive expression of AtFRO2, resulted in significantly higher concentrations of different minerals in roots (K, P, Zn, Ca, Ni, Mg, and Mo), pod walls (Fe, K, P, Cu, and Ni), leaves (Fe, P, Cu, Ca, Ni, and Mg) and seeds (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni). Leaf and pod wall iron concentrations increased as much as 500% in transgenic plants, while seed iron concentrations only increased by 10%, suggesting that factors other than leaf and pod wall reductase activity were limiting the translocation of iron to seeds. Protoplasts isolated from transgenic leaves had three-fold higher reductase activity than controls. Expression levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, were higher in the transgenic leaves than in wild-type, suggesting that the excess iron may be stored as ferritin in the leaves and therefore unavailable for phloem loading and delivery to the seeds. Also, citrate and malate levels in the roots and leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than in wild-type, suggesting that organic acid production could be related to the increased accumulation of minerals in roots, leaves, and pod walls, but not in the seeds. All together, these results suggest a more ubiquitous role for the iron reductase in whole-plant mineral accumulation and distribution. |
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AbstractList | Iron is an important micronutrient in human and plant nutrition. Adequate iron nutrition during crop production is central for assuring appropriate iron concentrations in the harvestable organs, for human food or animal feed. The whole-plant movement of iron involves several processes, including the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron at several locations throughout the plant, prior to transmembrane trafficking of ferrous iron. In this study, soybean plants that constitutively expressed the AtFRO2 iron reductase gene were analyzed for leaf iron reductase activity, as well as the effect of this transgene's expression on root, leaf, pod wall, and seed mineral concentrations. High Fe supply, in combination with the constitutive expression of AtFRO2, resulted in significantly higher concentrations of different minerals in roots (K, P, Zn, Ca, Ni, Mg and Mo), pod walls (Fe, K, P, Cu and Ni), leaves (Fe, P, Cu, Ca, Ni and Mg) and seeds (Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni). Leaf and pod wall iron concentrations increased as much as 500% in transgenic plants, while seed iron concentrations only increased by 10%, suggesting that factors other than leaf and pod wall reductase activity were limiting the translocation of iron to seeds. Protoplasts isolated from transgenic leaves had three-fold higher reductase activity than controls. Expression levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, were higher in the transgenic leaves than in wild-type, suggesting that the excess iron may be stored as ferritin in the leaves and therefore unavailable for phloem loading and delivery to the seeds. Also, citrate and malate levels in the roots and leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than in wild-type, suggesting that organic acid production could be related to the increased accumulation of minerals in roots, leaves and pod walls, but not in the seeds. All together, these results suggest a more ubiquitous role for the iron reductase in whole-plant mineral accumulation and distribution. |
Author | Grusak, Michael A Vasconcelos, Marta W Clemente, Thomas E |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Portugal 3 Center for Biotechnology – Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE, USA 2 Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Center for Biotechnology – Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE, USA – name: 1 Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Portugal – name: 2 Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marta W surname: Vasconcelos fullname: Vasconcelos, Marta W organization: Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas E surname: Clemente fullname: Clemente, Thomas E organization: Center for Biotechnology - Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael A surname: Grusak fullname: Grusak, Michael A organization: Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA |
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Copyright | Copyright © 2014 Vasconcelos, Clemente and Grusak. 2014 |
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Keywords | soybean iron transgenic FRO2 mineral nutrition |
Language | English |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Sebastien Thomine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; Graziano Zocchi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Edited by: Paloma Koprovski Menguer, John Innes Centre, UK Present address: Marta W. Vasconcelos, Laboratório Associado, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal This article was submitted to Plant Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science. |
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Title | Evaluation of constitutive iron reductase (AtFRO2) expression on mineral accumulation and distribution in soybean (Glycine max. L) |
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