Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N 2 O emissions. Most agricultural N 2 O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N 2 O by...

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Published inThe ISME Journal Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 660 - 674
Main Authors Harter, Johannes, Krause, Hans-Martin, Schuettler, Stefanie, Ruser, Reiner, Fromme, Markus, Scholten, Thomas, Kappler, Andreas, Behrens, Sebastian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2014
Oxford University Press
Nature Publishing Group
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Abstract Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N 2 O emissions. Most agricultural N 2 O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N 2 O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N 2 O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N 2 O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation ( nifH ), nitrification ( amoA ) and denitrification ( nirK , nirS and nosZ ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N 2 -fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ -encoded bacterial N 2 O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N 2 O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N 2 O emissions from soil.
AbstractList Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most agricultural N2O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N2O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N2O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N2O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ-encoded bacterial N2O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N2O emissions from soil.
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N 2 O emissions. Most agricultural N 2 O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N 2 O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N 2 O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N 2 O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation ( nifH ), nitrification ( amoA ) and denitrification ( nirK , nirS and nosZ ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N 2 -fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ -encoded bacterial N 2 O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N 2 O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N 2 O emissions from soil.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most agricultural N2O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N2O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N2O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N2O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ-encoded bacterial N2O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N2O emissions from soil.Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most agricultural N2O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N2O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N2O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N2O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ-encoded bacterial N2O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N2O emissions from soil.
Author Kappler, Andreas
Scholten, Thomas
Schuettler, Stefanie
Ruser, Reiner
Fromme, Markus
Behrens, Sebastian
Krause, Hans-Martin
Harter, Johannes
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Johannes
  surname: Harter
  fullname: Harter, Johannes
  organization: Geomicrobiology and Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hans-Martin
  surname: Krause
  fullname: Krause, Hans-Martin
  organization: Geomicrobiology and Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Stefanie
  surname: Schuettler
  fullname: Schuettler, Stefanie
  organization: Geomicrobiology and Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Reiner
  surname: Ruser
  fullname: Ruser, Reiner
  organization: Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Markus
  surname: Fromme
  fullname: Fromme, Markus
  organization: Department of Geography, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Scholten
  fullname: Scholten, Thomas
  organization: Department of Geography, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Andreas
  surname: Kappler
  fullname: Kappler, Andreas
  organization: Geomicrobiology and Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Sebastian
  surname: Behrens
  fullname: Behrens, Sebastian
  email: sebastian.behrens@ifg.uni-tuebingen.de
  organization: Geomicrobiology and Microbial Ecology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067258$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:16:27 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 03:12:45 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 13 04:12:44 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:48:57 EDT 2025
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Thu Apr 24 23:04:15 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:39:15 EST 2025
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Issue 3
Keywords soil microbial community
biochar
O emission
nitrous oxide
nitrification
nitrogen cycle
denitrification
N
greenhouse gas
Language English
License https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights
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content type line 14
content type line 23
These authors contributed equally to this work.
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PublicationSubtitle Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
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Snippet Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N 2 O emissions. Most...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most...
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SubjectTerms 631/326/171/1818
631/326/2565/855
631/326/47
Anthropogenic factors
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Charcoal
Charcoal - chemistry
Charcoal - metabolism
Community structure
Crop yield
Denitrification
Ecology
Emissions
Evolutionary Biology
Farm buildings
Fertilizer application
Fertilizers
Greenhouse gases
High temperature
Life Sciences
Microbial Ecology
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Nitrification
Nitrogen - chemistry
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide - metabolism
Original
original-article
Pyrolysis
Saturated soils
Soil - chemistry
Soil amendment
Soil Microbiology
Soil quality
Title Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ismej.2013.160
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067258
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1498963474
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1500700341
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3930306
Volume 8
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