Sources, Ionic Composition and Acidic Properties of Bulk and Wet Atmospheric Deposition in the Eastern Middle Adriatic Region

Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl , NO , SO , Na , K , NH , Mg , Ca ) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels...

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Published inToxics (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 551
Main Authors Gluščić, Valentina, Žužul, Silva, Pehnec, Gordana, Jakovljević, Ivana, Smoljo, Iva, Godec, Ranka, Bešlić, Ivan, Milinković, Andrea, Alempijević, Saranda Bakija, Frka, Sanja
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 23.06.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Acid deposition
Acidification
Acidity
Air pollution
Analysis
Anions
Anthropogenic factors
Calcium
Calcium ions
Climate change
Coasts
deposited matter
Deposition
Dust
dust intrusion
Environmental aspects
Heavy metals
Human influences
Intrusion
Ions
Magnesium
major ions
Neutralization
open-fire events
Outdoor air quality
Pollutants
Precipitation
Properties
Seasonal variations
Sedimentation and deposition
Sodium
Wet deposition
Croatia
major ions
open-fire events
deposited matter
dust intrusion
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Abstract Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl , NO , SO , Na , K , NH , Mg , Ca ) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl , Na , Mg and K . Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca , Mg and K , while open-fire events increased the levels of K . Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca , Na and NH . Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
AbstractList Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl−, Na+, Mg2+ and K+. Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, while open-fire events increased the levels of K+. Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca2+, Na+ and NH4+. Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl , NO , SO , Na , K , NH , Mg , Ca ) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl , Na , Mg and K . Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca , Mg and K , while open-fire events increased the levels of K . Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca , Na and NH . Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl − , Na + , Mg 2+ and K + . Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + , while open-fire events increased the levels of K + . Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca 2+ , Na + and NH 4 + . Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl[sup.−] , NO[sub.3] [sup.−] , SO[sub.4] [sup.2−] , Na[sup.+] , K[sup.+] , NH[sub.4] [sup.+] , Mg[sup.2+] , Ca[sup.2+] ) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl[sup.−] , Na[sup.+] , Mg[sup.2+] and K[sup.+] . Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca[sup.2+] , Mg[sup.2+] and K[sup.+] , while open-fire events increased the levels of K[sup.+] . Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca[sup.2+] , Na[sup.+] and NH[sub.4] [sup.+] . Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
Audience Academic
Author Alempijević, Saranda Bakija
Milinković, Andrea
Bešlić, Ivan
Smoljo, Iva
Žužul, Silva
Godec, Ranka
Frka, Sanja
Pehnec, Gordana
Gluščić, Valentina
Jakovljević, Ivana
AuthorAffiliation 2 Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; amilink@irb.hr (A.M.); saranda.bakija.alempijevic@irb.hr (S.B.A.); sanja.frka.milosavljevic@irb.hr (S.F.)
1 Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; vgluscic@imi.hr (V.G.); gpehnec@imi.hr (G.P.); ijakovljevic@imi.hr (I.J.); ismoljo@imi.hr (I.S.); rgodec@imi.hr (R.G.); ibeslic@imi.hr (I.B.)
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– name: 2 Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; amilink@irb.hr (A.M.); saranda.bakija.alempijevic@irb.hr (S.B.A.); sanja.frka.milosavljevic@irb.hr (S.F.)
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Keywords major ions
open-fire events
deposited matter
dust intrusion
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– volume: 292
  start-page: 119411
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Ambient Air and in Wet Atmospheric Deposition at Mexico City Metropolitan Area
  publication-title: Atmos. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119411
  contributor:
    fullname: Vega
SSID ssj0000913866
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Snippet Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to...
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SubjectTerms Acid deposition
Acidification
Acidity
Air pollution
Analysis
Anions
Anthropogenic factors
Calcium
Calcium ions
Climate change
Coasts
deposited matter
Deposition
Dust
dust intrusion
Environmental aspects
Heavy metals
Human influences
Intrusion
Ions
Magnesium
major ions
Neutralization
open-fire events
Outdoor air quality
Pollutants
Precipitation
Properties
Seasonal variations
Sedimentation and deposition
Sodium
Wet deposition
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Title Sources, Ionic Composition and Acidic Properties of Bulk and Wet Atmospheric Deposition in the Eastern Middle Adriatic Region
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505517
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2843106330
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2844091398
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10383331
https://doaj.org/article/273fc1003afe4ff8afde87eab90ec962
Volume 11
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