A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces
COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have ex...
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| Published in | Environmental research Vol. 203; no. C; p. 111765 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.01.2022
Elsevier The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0013-9351 1096-0953 1096-0953 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111765 |
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| Abstract | COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article.
•Comprehensive review of COVID-19 mitigation methods focusing on HVAC systems.•Investigated methods include ventilation, filtration, and air ionization.•Other featured methods include environmental conditioning and ultraviolet light.•Developing technologies include heat, nanoparticles, chemical, and plasma methods.•Identified research gaps provide paths for future work and development. |
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| AbstractList | COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article. COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article. •Comprehensive review of COVID-19 mitigation methods focusing on HVAC systems.•Investigated methods include ventilation, filtration, and air ionization.•Other featured methods include environmental conditioning and ultraviolet light.•Developing technologies include heat, nanoparticles, chemical, and plasma methods.•Identified research gaps provide paths for future work and development. COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article.COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article. |
| ArticleNumber | 111765 |
| Author | Rickert, Jaime Berry, Gentry Parsons, Adam Cho, Heejin Morgan, Matthew |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gentry orcidid: 0000-0002-2921-151X surname: Berry fullname: Berry, Gentry – sequence: 2 givenname: Adam surname: Parsons fullname: Parsons, Adam – sequence: 3 givenname: Matthew surname: Morgan fullname: Morgan, Matthew – sequence: 4 givenname: Jaime surname: Rickert fullname: Rickert, Jaime – sequence: 5 givenname: Heejin orcidid: 0000-0003-2789-510X surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Heejin email: cho@me.msstate.edu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34331921$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1810612$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 Enclosed space Buildings Airborne virus ventilation |
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| SubjectTerms | air Air Conditioning airborne transmission Airborne virus ventilation Buildings COVID-19 COVID-19 infection Enclosed space environmental factors filtration heat inactivation human population Humans ionization irradiation markets Probability reactive oxygen species research and development SARS-CoV-2 Ventilation viruses |
| Title | A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces |
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