Irrigation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Field-Based Studies

Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler...

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Published inSoil systems Vol. 4; no. 2; p. 20
Main Authors Sapkota, Anish, Haghverdi, Amir, Avila, Claudia C. E., Ying, Samantha C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.06.2020
Subjects
agricultural land
Air pollution control
Analysis
carbon dioxide
deficit irrigation
Environmental aspects
flood irrigation
GHG
Global warming potential
Greenhouse gases
Irrigation (Agriculture)
methane
Methods
microbial activity
nitrous oxide
nitrous oxide production
reduced irrigation
soil
Soil microbiology
sprinkler irrigation
water conservation
United States
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Abstract Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of CH4 emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest CH4 emission. The rate of CO2 emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on N2O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low N2O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce CH4 emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted.
AbstractList Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of CH₄ emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest CH₄ emission. The rate of CO₂ emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on N₂O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low N₂O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce CH₄ emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted.
Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of CH4 emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest CH4 emission. The rate of CO2 emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on N2O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low N2O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce CH4 emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted.
Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide ([N.sub.2]O), carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]), and methane (C[H.sub.4]) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of C[H.sub.4] emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest C[H.sub.4] emission. The rate of C[O.sub.2] emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on [N.sub.2]O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low [N.sub.2]O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce C[H.sub.4] emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted.
Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide ([N.sub.2]O), carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]), and methane (C[H.sub.4]) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of C[H.sub.4] emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest C[H.sub.4] emission. The rate of C[O.sub.2] emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on [N.sub.2]O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low [N.sub.2]O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce C[H.sub.4] emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted. Keywords: GHG; nitrous oxide; methane; carbon dioxide; deficit irrigation; reduced irrigation; redox
Audience Academic
Author Ying, Samantha C.
Sapkota, Anish
Haghverdi, Amir
Avila, Claudia C. E.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Sapkota
  fullname: Sapkota, Anish
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  surname: Haghverdi
  fullname: Haghverdi, Amir
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Claudia C. E.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9994-3647
  surname: Avila
  fullname: Avila, Claudia C. E.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Samantha C.
  surname: Ying
  fullname: Ying, Samantha C.
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Snippet Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However,...
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SubjectTerms agricultural land
Air pollution control
Analysis
carbon dioxide
deficit irrigation
Environmental aspects
flood irrigation
GHG
Global warming potential
Greenhouse gases
Irrigation (Agriculture)
methane
Methods
microbial activity
nitrous oxide
nitrous oxide production
reduced irrigation
soil
Soil microbiology
sprinkler irrigation
water conservation
Title Irrigation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Field-Based Studies
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https://doaj.org/article/5afda2347fdf434aaacec3fb5572cb7d
Volume 4
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