Collective movements of pedestrians: How we can learn from simple experiments with non-human (ant) crowds
Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammal...
Saved in:
| Published in | PloS one Vol. 12; no. 8; p. e0182913 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
30.08.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0182913 |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour.
This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems.
Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment.
Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour.
This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems.
Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment.
Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. Introduction Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour. Methods This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems. Findings Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment. Practical applications Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour. This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems. Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment. Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour.INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour.This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems.METHODSThis study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems.Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment.FINDINGSOur findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment.Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOur findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. Introduction Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of studies. Similarities have been observed between the scale-free behavioral aspects of various systems (i.e. groups of fish, ants, and mammals). Investigation of such connections between the collective motion of non-human organisms and that of humans however, has been relatively scarce. The problem demands for particular attention in the context of emergency escape motion for which innovative experimentation with panicking ants has been recently employed as a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive approach. However, little empirical evidence has been provided as to the relevance and reliability of this approach as a model of human behaviour. Methods This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape to tackle this question and to connect two forms of experimental observations that investigate the collective movement at macroscopic level. A large number of experiments with human and panicking ants are conducted representing the escape behavior of these systems in crowded spaces. The experiments share similar architectural structures in which two streams of crowd flow merge with one another. Measures such as discharge flow rates and the probability distribution of passage headways are extracted and compared between the two systems. Findings Our findings displayed an unexpected degree of similarity between the collective patterns emerged from both observation types, particularly based on aggregate measures. Experiments with ants and humans commonly indicated how significantly the efficiency of motion and the rate of discharge depend on the architectural design of the movement environment. Practical applications Our findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence needed to identify the boarders of applicability of experimentation with crowds of non-human entities as models of human collective motion as well as the level of measurements (i.e. macroscopic or microscopic) and the type of contexts at which reliable inferences can be drawn. This particularly has implications in the context of experimenting evacuation behaviour for which recruiting human subjects may face ethical restrictions. The findings, at minimum, offer promise as to the potential benefit of piloting such experiments with non-human crowds, thereby forming better-informed hypotheses. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Shahhoseini, Zahra Sarvi, Majid |
| AuthorAffiliation | Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia Waseda University, JAPAN |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia – name: Waseda University, JAPAN |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zahra orcidid: 0000-0003-4511-3191 surname: Shahhoseini fullname: Shahhoseini, Zahra – sequence: 2 givenname: Majid surname: Sarvi fullname: Sarvi, Majid |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854221$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9Uk1vEzEUXKEi-gH_AIElLuWQsF7vh90DUhUVWqkSFzhbjvc5ceS1F3uTwL_vS7NBTVWxPth6nhnPvH3n2YkPHrLsPc2nlDX0yyqso1du2mN5mlNeCMpeZWdUsGJSFzk7eXI-zc5TWuV5xXhdv8lOC86rsijoWWZnwTnQg90A6cIGOvBDIsGQHlpIQ7TKpytyG7ZkC0QrTxyo6ImJoSPJdr0DAn96iHZP3NphSdDoZLnuEHyp_PCZ6Bi2bXqbvTbKJXg37hfZr283P2e3k_sf3-9m1_cTXRVsmFDalK0A2gjBhWp4w_ETps3BMGEqzgSwvBKaM2503dQ1m-dcUdPAXAnRtOwi-7jX7V1IcuxSktgLJpDe1Ii42yPaoFayR-8q_pVBWflYCHEhVRysdiDnqqUlpbqtQJeiAMUorXOGThk1uKPW1_G19byDVmMXonJHosc33i7lImxkVaH3mqHA5SgQw-81tlx2NmlwTnkI60ffZcFpKXa-Pz2DvpxuRC0UBrDeBHxX70TldZUXZcnrokTU9AUUrhY6q3GkjMX6EeHD06D_Eh5GCQFXewD-7pQiGKntoAYbdrmtkzSXu7k9eJa7uZXj3CK5fEY-6P-X9gDvmvLt |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1177_0361198118796351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2019_02_034 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2022_887187 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2022_3205676 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2022_127853 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2020_104679 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2020_104743 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_08649_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tra_2019_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2024_106520 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_1063043 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0264635 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trb_2019_01_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2019_04_035 crossref_primary_10_1177_0361198118796714 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.030301 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.005 10.1371/journal.pone.0166908 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.01.036 10.1002/atr.1434 10.1016/j.physa.2016.02.017 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.032302 10.1086/338541 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.046109 10.3141/2137-04 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.014 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.024 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.083 10.1016/j.trb.2011.05.016 10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.083 10.1073/pnas.2031912100 10.2976/1.2961038 10.1038/s41559-017-0111 10.1016/j.trb.2016.10.019 10.1098/rsif.2016.0414 10.3141/2560-08 10.1371/journal.pone.0114517 10.1016/S0065-3454(03)01001-5 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.010 10.1038/srep07324 10.3141/2490-08 10.1371/journal.pone.0081082 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.168001 10.3141/2561-10 10.1016/j.physa.2017.02.010 10.1371/journal.pone.0118508 10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.03.013 10.1088/1742-5468/2011/06/P06004 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01202.x 10.1371/journal.pone.0131784 10.1038/srep33417 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.07.003 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.085 10.1007/s10905-016-9593-x 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.062817 10.1086/498139 10.1098/rstb.2005.1733 10.1016/j.jocm.2015.09.006 10.1145/37402.37406 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science – notice: 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi 2017 Shahhoseini, Sarvi |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7RV 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M7N M7P M7S NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY RC3 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0182913 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Biotechnology Research Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Database Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection Biological Sciences Agricultural Science Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Agricultural Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Agricultural Science Database MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Collective motion in humans and ants |
| EISSN | 1932-6203 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 1933958376 oai_doaj_org_article_bad1411cd5ec492ea31160352331f035 PMC5576663 A502448624 28854221 10_1371_journal_pone_0182913 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ; |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 88E 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABJCF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS APEBS ARAPS ATCPS BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKEYQ BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I D1J D1K DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EMOBN ESX EX3 F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO IEA IGS IHR IHW INH INR IOV IPY ISE ISR ITC K6- KB. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M0K M1P M48 M7P M7R M7S M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P P62 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS PV9 PYCSY RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 UKHRP WOQ WOW ~02 ~KM BBORY CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF IPNFZ NPM RIG PMFND 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. KL. M7N P64 PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO 5PM AAPBV ABPTK N95 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-1174d9e179989a78788889fd0ef39f5839e3059c838fc67663b08a1f7eba997d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| IngestDate | Sun Aug 06 00:15:54 EDT 2023 Wed Aug 27 01:17:34 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:12:38 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 08:33:37 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 10:20:04 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 17 21:01:52 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 10 20:22:57 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 06:56:00 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:04:58 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:10:38 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 8 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c523t-1174d9e179989a78788889fd0ef39f5839e3059c838fc67663b08a1f7eba997d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4511-3191 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0182913 |
| PMID | 28854221 |
| PQID | 1933958376 |
| PQPubID | 1436336 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_1933958376 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bad1411cd5ec492ea31160352331f035 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5576663 proquest_miscellaneous_1934281496 proquest_journals_1933958376 gale_infotracmisc_A502448624 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A502448624 pubmed_primary_28854221 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0182913 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0182913 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2017-08-30 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-08-30 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2017 text: 2017-08-30 day: 30 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA |
| PublicationTitle | PloS one |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS One |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | M Burd (ref24) 2010; 35 W Thielicke (ref49) 2014; 2 Z Shahhoseini (ref31) 2016; 2561 A Sobhani (ref38) 2014; 2 M Boltes (ref14) 2013 M Haghani (ref8) 2016; 50 A Garcimartín (ref35) 2014; 2 N Shiwakoti (ref25) 2011; 45 M Burd (ref43) 2002; 159 M Haghani (ref12) 2016; 85 M Moussaïd (ref3) 2009 D Helbing (ref50) 2007; 75 I Zuriguel (ref27) 2016; 94 P Lin (ref37) 2016; 452 M Moussaïd (ref15) 2016; 13 SA Soria (ref32) 2012; 50 S Wang (ref42) 2016; 29 M Haghani (ref18) M Haghani (ref19) 2017; 95 M Haghani (ref20) 2016; 11 D Helbing (ref46) 2006; 97 M Haghani (ref16) 2017; 124 C Dias (ref29) 2013; 60 M Haghani (ref13) 2017; 51 M Moussaïd (ref9) 2016; 6 J Zhang (ref45) 2011; 2011 I Giardina (ref5) 2008; 2 JM Pastor (ref36) 2015; 92 M Boltes (ref44) 2013; 100 ID Couzin (ref6) 2003; 32 C Saloma (ref21) 2003; 100 M Haghani (ref17) 2017; 475 M Haghani (ref10) 2015; 16 E Altshuler (ref22) 2005; 166 S Wang (ref40) 2015; 10 N Pinter-Wollman (ref7) 2017; 1 CW Reynolds (ref1) 1987; 21 S Boari (ref34) 2013; 8 N Shiwakoti (ref26) 2009; 2137 C Dias (ref30) 2015 G Li (ref23) 2014; 9 M Haghani (ref11) 2016; 2560 S Wang (ref41) 2016; 457 A Deutsch (ref4) 2012 I Zuriguel (ref47) 2003; 68 DR Parisi (ref33) 2015; 72 C Saloma (ref39) 2015; 10 PA Gago (ref48) 2013 DJ Sumpter (ref2) 2006; 361 I Zuriguel (ref28) 2014; 4 |
| References_xml | – volume: 68 start-page: 030301 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: ref47 article-title: Jamming during the discharge of grains from a silo described as a percolating transition publication-title: Physical Review E doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.030301 – volume: 60 start-page: 87 year: 2013 ident: ref29 article-title: Investigating collective escape behaviours in complex situations publication-title: Safety science doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.005 – start-page: 67 year: 2013 ident: ref14 article-title: Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds. The International Series in Video Computing. 11 – ident: ref18 article-title: Crowd behaviour and motion: Empirical methods publication-title: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological – volume: 11 start-page: e0166908 issue: 11 year: 2016 ident: ref20 article-title: How Simple Hypothetical-Choice Experiments Can Be Utilized to Learn Humans’ Navigational Escape Decisions in Emergencies publication-title: PLOS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166908 – volume: 100 start-page: 127 year: 2013 ident: ref44 article-title: Collecting pedestrian trajectories publication-title: Neurocomputing doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.01.036 – volume: 50 start-page: 1870 issue: 8 year: 2016 ident: ref8 article-title: Pedestrian crowd tactical-level decision making during emergency evacuations publication-title: Journal of Advanced Transportation doi: 10.1002/atr.1434 – volume: 452 start-page: 157 year: 2016 ident: ref37 article-title: An experimental study of the “faster-is-slower” effect using mice under panic publication-title: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.02.017 – year: 2012 ident: ref4 article-title: Collective motion in biological systems publication-title: Interface Focus – volume: 94 start-page: 032302 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: ref27 article-title: Effect of obstacle position in the flow of sheep through a narrow door publication-title: Physical Review E doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.032302 – volume: 159 start-page: 283 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: ref43 article-title: Traffic dynamics of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes publication-title: The American Naturalist doi: 10.1086/338541 – volume: 75 start-page: 046109 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: ref50 article-title: Dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study publication-title: Physical review E doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.046109 – volume: 2137 start-page: 31 issue: -1 year: 2009 ident: ref26 article-title: Enhancing the Safety of Pedestrians During Emergency Egress publication-title: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board doi: 10.3141/2137-04 – volume: 72 start-page: 274 issue: 0 year: 2015 ident: ref33 article-title: Faster-is-slower effect in escaping ants revisited: Ants do not behave like humans publication-title: Safety Science doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.014 – volume: 124 start-page: 47 year: 2017 ident: ref16 article-title: Following the crowd or avoiding it? Empirical investigation of imitative behaviour in emergency escape of human crowds publication-title: Animal Behaviour doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.024 – volume: 2 start-page: 745 issue: 0 year: 2014 ident: ref38 article-title: Exploring the Relationship of Exit Flow and Jam Density in Panic Scenarios Using Animal Dynamics publication-title: Transportation Research Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.083 – volume: 45 start-page: 1433 issue: 9 year: 2011 ident: ref25 article-title: Animal dynamics based approach for modeling pedestrian crowd egress under panic conditions publication-title: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2011.05.016 – volume: 457 start-page: 239 year: 2016 ident: ref41 article-title: Effect of exit locations on ants escaping a two-exit room stressed with repellent publication-title: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.083 – volume: 100 start-page: 11947 issue: 21 year: 2003 ident: ref21 article-title: Self-organized queuing and scale-free behavior in real escape panic publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences doi: 10.1073/pnas.2031912100 – volume: 2 start-page: 205 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: ref5 article-title: Collective behavior in animal groups: theoretical models and empirical studies publication-title: HFSP journal doi: 10.2976/1.2961038 – volume: 1 start-page: 0111 year: 2017 ident: ref7 article-title: The impact of architecture on collective behaviour publication-title: Nature Ecology & Evolution doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0111 – volume: 95 start-page: 238 year: 2017 ident: ref19 article-title: Stated and revealed exit choices of pedestrian crowd evacuees publication-title: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2016.10.019 – volume: 13 start-page: 20160414 issue: 122 year: 2016 ident: ref15 article-title: Crowd behaviour during high-stress evacuations in an immersive virtual environment publication-title: Journal of The Royal Society Interface doi: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0414 – volume: 2560 start-page: 67 year: 2016 ident: ref11 article-title: Identifying Latent Classes of Pedestrian Crowd Evacuees publication-title: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board doi: 10.3141/2560-08 – start-page: 317 year: 2013 ident: ref48 article-title: Traffic and Granular Flow'11 – volume: 9 start-page: e114517 issue: 12 year: 2014 ident: ref23 article-title: Symmetry Breaking on Density in Escaping Ants: Experiment and Alarm Pheromone Model publication-title: PloS one doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114517 – volume: 32 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: ref6 article-title: Self-organization and collective behavior in vertebrates publication-title: Advances in the Study of Behavior doi: 10.1016/S0065-3454(03)01001-5 – volume: 50 start-page: 1584 issue: 7 year: 2012 ident: ref32 article-title: Experimental evidence of the “Faster is Slower” effect in the evacuation of ants publication-title: Safety Science doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.010 – volume: 4 year: 2014 ident: ref28 article-title: Clogging transition of many-particle systems flowing through bottlenecks publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/srep07324 – start-page: 65 year: 2015 ident: ref30 article-title: Elevated desired speed and change in desired direction: effects on collective pedestrian flow characteristics publication-title: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board doi: 10.3141/2490-08 – year: 2009 ident: ref3 article-title: Experimental study of the behavioural mechanisms underlying self-organization in human crowds publication-title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences – volume: 2 start-page: e30 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: ref49 article-title: PIVlab–Towards user-friendly, affordable and accurate digital particle image velocimetry in MATLAB publication-title: Journal of Open Research Software – volume: 8 start-page: e81082 issue: 11 year: 2013 ident: ref34 article-title: Efficient Egress of Escaping Ants Stressed with Temperature publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081082 – volume: 97 start-page: 168001 issue: 16 year: 2006 ident: ref46 article-title: Analytical approach to continuous and intermittent bottleneck flows publication-title: Physical review letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.168001 – volume: 2561 start-page: 81 year: 2016 ident: ref31 article-title: Insights Toward Characteristics of Merging Streams of Pedestrian Crowds Based on Experiments with Panicked Ants publication-title: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board doi: 10.3141/2561-10 – volume: 475 start-page: 24 year: 2017 ident: ref17 article-title: Social dynamics in emergency evacuations: Disentangling crowd’s attraction and repulsion effects publication-title: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2017.02.010 – volume: 10 start-page: e0118508 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: ref39 article-title: Prior Individual Training and Self-Organized Queuing during Group Emergency Escape of Mice from Water Pool publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118508 – volume: 51 start-page: 141 year: 2017 ident: ref13 article-title: How perception of peer behaviour influences escape decision making: The role of individual differences publication-title: Journal of Environmental Psychology doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.03.013 – volume: 2011 start-page: P06004 issue: 06 year: 2011 ident: ref45 article-title: Transitions in pedestrian fundamental diagrams of straight corridors and T-junctions publication-title: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment doi: 10.1088/1742-5468/2011/06/P06004 – volume: 35 start-page: 464 issue: 4 year: 2010 ident: ref24 article-title: Nest architecture and traffic flow: large potential effects from small structural features publication-title: Ecological Entomology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01202.x – volume: 10 start-page: e0131784 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: ref40 article-title: Behavior of Ants Escaping from a Single-Exit Room publication-title: PloS one doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131784 – volume: 6 year: 2016 ident: ref9 article-title: Patterns of cooperation during collective emergencies in the help-or-escape social dilemma publication-title: Scientific reports doi: 10.1038/srep33417 – volume: 85 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref12 article-title: Human exit choice in crowded built environments: Investigating underlying behavioural differences between normal egress and emergency evacuations publication-title: Fire Safety Journal doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.07.003 – volume: 2 start-page: 760 year: 2014 ident: ref35 article-title: Experimental evidence of the “Faster Is Slower” effect publication-title: Transportation Research Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.085 – volume: 29 start-page: 735 issue: 6 year: 2016 ident: ref42 article-title: Experimental Study of Ant Movement in a Straight Passageway under Stress Conditions publication-title: Journal of Insect Behavior doi: 10.1007/s10905-016-9593-x – volume: 92 start-page: 062817 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: ref36 article-title: Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions publication-title: Physical Review E doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.062817 – volume: 166 start-page: 643 issue: 6 year: 2005 ident: ref22 article-title: Symmetry breaking in escaping ants publication-title: The American Naturalist doi: 10.1086/498139 – volume: 361 start-page: 5 issue: 1465 year: 2006 ident: ref2 article-title: The principles of collective animal behaviour publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences doi: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1733 – volume: 16 start-page: 58 year: 2015 ident: ref10 article-title: Accommodating taste heterogeneity and desired substitution pattern in exit choices of pedestrian crowd evacuees using a mixed nested logit model publication-title: Journal of Choice Modelling doi: 10.1016/j.jocm.2015.09.006 – volume: 21 start-page: 25 issue: 4 year: 1987 ident: ref1 article-title: Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model publication-title: ACM SIGGRAPH computer graphics doi: 10.1145/37402.37406 |
| SSID | ssj0053866 |
| Score | 2.3346152 |
| Snippet | Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a growing number of... Introduction Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a... Introduction Understanding collective behavior of moving organisms and how interactions between individuals govern their collective motion has triggered a... |
| SourceID | plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | e0182913 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Ants Ants - physiology Architectural design Asymmetry Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Collective behavior Crowding - psychology Discharge Earth Sciences Engineering schools Escape behavior Escape Reaction - physiology Escape systems Ethics Experimentation Experiments Flow rates Headways Human behavior Human motion Humans Methods Models, Biological Models, Psychological Movement - physiology Observations Panic - physiology Pedestrians Pedestrians - psychology Physical Sciences Probability distribution Public safety Research methodology Social aspects Social Sciences Sociological research Statistical mechanics Studies Symmetry Traffic accidents & safety Traffic congestion |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBZlT72Upq-4TYsKhSYHJytL1qO3tDQshfbUQG7GetGF1F7iDfv3OyNr3bgEcunJsJJteWY0-kar-YaQD1JHr4IMZSusLUUVVGlaJUvhmLCVkc5wTBT-_kOuLsW3q_rqTqkvPBM20gOPgjuzrWeCMefr4ISpQssZVkaG-ImzCFf0vrDm7YOp0QfDLJYyJ8pxxc6yXk43fRdOlwCpDeOzhSjx9U9eebG57of7IOe_JyfvLEUXT8mTjCHp-Tj2A_IodM_IQZ6lAz3OVNInz8k67Qskl0Z_94kafDvQPtJN8CFV7OiGT3TV7-guUBAyTUUkKOac0GGNxMH0bwmAgeKmLe36rkyV_egxaOWEwuft_PCCXF58_fllVebiCqUD2W1LBqGINwEJ4TRoR2MorE30yxC5iTXgpgCuwDjNdXRSATCxS92yqIJtjVGevyQLeGE4JNRbY6JGIAWxolLSKPAMAKVaoy2gybogfC_pxmXmcSyAcd2kv9MURCCj4BrUT5P1U5ByumszMm880P8zKnHqi7zZ6QewpiZbU_OQNRXkI5pAg7MbhujanKQA70GerOa8BkwjMKmmIEeznjAr3az5EI1oP9KhAaDMDYhVSbhzb1j3N7-fmvGheAiuC_1t6gPBIoS00OfVaIfT11Za16KqWEHUzEJn4pi3dOtfiU68hpAT1Pv6f8jvDXlcIe7BTfflEVlsb27DW0BtW_suTdA_rxA-5Q priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwELZge-GCWl5dKMhISLQHt3Gc-MEFtajVCokKISr1FiW2AyuVJG222r_PjNdJCargup5snHnlm4lnhpB3UtdOeelZmVUVy1KvmCmVZJnlWZUaaY3AQuEv53JxkX2-zC9jwq2PxyoHnxgctWst5siPAGgIk0M4JT921wynRuHX1ThC4yHZAhes8xnZOjk9__pt8MVgzVLGgjmh-FGUz2HXNv4wAWhtuJi8kELf_tE7z7qrtr8Pev59gvKPV9LZNnkcsSQ93gh_hzzwzROyE621p_uxpfTBU7IM-YHg2uivNrQIX_W0rWnnnQ-TO5r-A120a7r2FJhNwzAJirUntF9iA2F6Nwqgp5i8pU3bsDDhj-6DdA4oPN7a9c_Ixdnp908LFocsMAsx6IpxCEmc8dgYToOUNIbE2tQu8bUwNTDceHAJxmqhaysVAJQq0SWvla9KY5QTz8kMbuh3CXWVMbVGQAUxo1LSKPAQAKlKoytAlfmciIHThY0dyHEQxlURPqspiEQ2jCtQPkWUz5yw8apu04HjP_QnKMSRFvtnhx_amx9FNEeACI5nnFuXe5uZ1JeC47xt4IjgdYJbfY8qUKCVwxZtGYsV4D7YL6s4zgHbZFhcMyd7E0qwTjtZ3kUlGnbaF3d6DFcOinX_8ttxGf8UD8M1vr0NNBA0QmgLNC82ejg-bap1nqUpnxM10dAJO6YrzfJnaCueQ-gJ4n357229Io9SRDaYVk_2yGx1c-tfAy5bVW-i8f0GW3w4yg priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Collective movements of pedestrians: How we can learn from simple experiments with non-human (ant) crowds |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854221 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1933958376 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1934281496 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5576663 https://doaj.org/article/bad1411cd5ec492ea31160352331f035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182913 |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFLZG98ILYtxWGJWRkNgeUsWJ4wsSQtu0UiFtQohKfYsSx4FKJSlNp8K_5xzXCQQVIfGSh9punHOxv-PknI-Ql0KVhbTCBhnP84BHVgY6kyLghvE80sLoGBOFr2_EdMbfz5P5AWk5W70Am72hHfJJzdbL8fdvP96Cw79xrA2StYPGq7qy4xAAs0Ya20PYmwTa-TXv3iuAdwvhE-j-NhLLAyuV8Chivb3KlfTvFu7Balk3-1Dpnx9X_rZbTe6Tex5m0vOdXRyRA1s9IEfekRt66qtNnz0kC3d04FY9-rV21cM3Da1LurKFdaQeVfOaTust3VoKeqCOZ4JiWgptFlhbmP5iCWgonuvSqq4CR_5HT0FxZxQeb1s0j8hscvXpchp4_oXAQHi6CRhEK4W2WDNOgQIVRstKl0Voy1iXCUArC6uFNipWpRESsEseqoyV0uaZ1rKIH5MB3NAeE1rkWpcKsRaEk1IKLWHxALSVaZUD4EyGJG4lnRpfnBw5Mpape-MmIUjZCS5FVaVeVUMSdKNWu-Ic_-h_gUrs-mJpbfdDvf6cek8F9FAwzpgpEmu4jmwWM6TiBonErAxxqq_QBFI0SZiiyXweA9wHS2ml5wnAHo55N0Ny0usJjmt6zcdoRO1MmxSwdKxBrFLAyNaw9je_6JrxT_E7ucrWt64PxJMQ9UKfJzs77J62teohkT0L7Ymj31ItvriK4wlEpaDep_898hm5GyEewsP48IQMNutb-xzQ3CYfkTtyLuGqLhleJ-9G5PDi6ubDx5E7Hxk5B_4JrUdPqQ |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELbKcoALory6UMBIINqD2zgv20gIlceypY9TK_WWJrYDK5UkNFut-FP8RmYcZ0tQBadeYycez4zH3zieGUJeprI0wqaW5XFRsDi0gqlcpCzWPC5ClWoVYaDwwWE6PY6_nCQnK-RXHwuD1yp7m-gMtak1npFvA9CIVALuVPqu-cGwahT-Xe1LaHRqsWd_LsBla9_ufgT5vgrDyaejD1PmqwowDU7XnHHA4EZZzIQmgSyJPqBUpQlsGakSRlAW1oDSMpKlTgXsyEUgc14KW-RKCRPBd2-QmzGQg7n65eRzb_nBdqSpD8-LBN_22rDV1JXdCgDIKx4Ntj9XJWC5F4yas7q9Cuj-fV_zjw1wcpfc8ciV7nSqtkpWbHWPrHrb0NINn8B68z6ZudMIZ0jp99olJJ-3tC5pY411dUKq9g2d1gu6sBRES13pCoqRLrSdYbpiell4oKV4VEyrumKuniDdAF3YpDC9hWkfkONrYf5DMoIB7RqhplCqlAjfwEMVIlUC7BEAuFzJAjBsMiZRz-lM-3znWHbjLHM_8QT4PR3jMpRP5uUzJmz5VtPl-_hP__coxGVfzNbtHtTnXzO_-AGQGB5zrk1idaxCm0ccq3sDRyJeBkjqa1SBDG0KkKhzHxoB42B2rmwnASQVYyjPmKwPeoIt0IPmNVSintI2u1w18GavWFc3v1g240fx6l1l6wvXB1xUcKShz6NOD5ezDaVM4jDkYyIGGjpgx7Clmn1zScwTcHRBvI__TdZzcmt6dLCf7e8e7j0ht0PEVHigH6yT0fz8wj4FRDgvnrllSMnpda_734AfctQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9QwDI_GTUK8IMbXbgwIEojtobumX0mQENrYTjcGpwkxaW-lTVI4aWuP9aYT_xp_HXaadhRN8LTXJm0S27F_TmObkJeJKDQ3ifGyKM-9KDDckxlPvEixKA9komSIgcKfpsnkJPpwGp-ukF9tLAxeq2x1olXUulJ4Rj4CoBHKGNypZFS4axHH--N38x8eVpDCP61tOY1GRI7MzyW4b_Xbw33g9asgGB98eT_xXIUBT4EDtvAY4HEtDWZFEzBFgf6gkIX2TRHKAkaTBvaDVCIUhUo4WOfcFxkruMkzKbkO4bu3yCoHqygGZHXvYHr8ubUDoEmSxAXrhZyNnGzszKvS7PgA6yULe8bQ1gzoLMNgflbV18Hev29v_mEOx_fIXYdj6W4jeGtkxZT3yZrTFDXdcumstx-QmT2bsGqVnlc2PfmiplVB50YbWzWkrN_QSbWkS0OB0dQWsqAY90LrGSYvpldlCGqKB8e0rErPVhekWyAZ2xSWt9T1Q3JyI-R_RAYwoFknVOdSFgLBHPirnCeSg3YCOJdJkQOijYckbCmdKpf9HItwnKX2lx4HL6ghXIr8SR1_hsTr3po32T_-038Pmdj1xdzd9kF18S11qgDgiWYRY0rHRkUyMFnIsNY3UCRkhY9TfY0ikKKGgSmqzAVKwDiYqyvdjQFXRRjYMySbvZ6gGVSveR2FqJ1pnV7tIXizFazrm190zfhRvIhXmurS9gGHFdxq6PO4kcNutYEQcRQEbEh4T0J75Oi3lLPvNqV5DG4vsHfj39N6Tm7Dnk8_Hk6PnpA7AQIsPN33N8lgcXFpngI8XOTP3D6k5OtNb_3fLqF4bw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Collective+movements+of+pedestrians%3A+How+we+can+learn+from+simple+experiments+with+non-human+%28ant%29+crowds&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Shahhoseini%2C+Zahra&rft.au=Sarvi%2C+Majid&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0182913&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28854221&rft.externalDocID=PMC5576663 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |