Enjoying the possibility of defeat: Outcome uncertainty, suspense, and intrinsic motivation
In two studies, the relevance of outcome uncertainty and suspense for intrinsic motivation was examined. In Study 1, participants played a competitive zero-sum video game in which outcome uncertainty during the game (operationalized as the degree of parity between player–opponent scores) was manipul...
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Published in | Motivation and emotion Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 1 - 10 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Boston
Springer US
01.02.2015
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | In two studies, the relevance of outcome uncertainty and suspense for intrinsic motivation was examined. In Study 1, participants played a competitive zero-sum video game in which outcome uncertainty during the game (operationalized as the degree of parity between player–opponent scores) was manipulated. Greater outcome uncertainty led to greater enjoyment, and this effect was mediated by suspense. Although outperforming one’s opponent by a wide margin maximized perceived competence, these games were less enjoyable than closer games with higher outcome uncertainty. These findings were extended in Study 2, which incorporated a behavioral measure of intrinsic motivation. Participants chose to play games they previously rated as relatively high in suspense but relatively low in perceived competence over games which provided higher perceptions of competence but less suspense. Performance concern moderated this effect. Implications of the findings for theories of intrinsic motivation, and possible avenues for future research, are discussed. |
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AbstractList | In two studies, the relevance of outcome uncertainty and suspense for intrinsic motivation was examined. In Study 1, participants played a competitive zero-sum video game in which outcome uncertainty during the game (operationalized as the degree of parity between player-opponent scores) was manipulated. Greater outcome uncertainty led to greater enjoyment, and this effect was mediated by suspense. Although outperforming one's opponent by a wide margin maximized perceived competence, these games were less enjoyable than closer games with higher outcome uncertainty. These findings were extended in Study 2, which incorporated a behavioral measure of intrinsic motivation. Participants chose to play games they previously rated as relatively high in suspense but relatively low in perceived competence over games which provided higher perceptions of competence but less suspense. Performance concern moderated this effect. Implications of the findings for theories of intrinsic motivation, and possible avenues for future research, are discussed.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] In two studies, the relevance of outcome uncertainty and suspense for intrinsic motivation was examined. In Study 1, participants played a competitive zero-sum video game in which outcome uncertainty during the game (operationalized as the degree of parity between player–opponent scores) was manipulated. Greater outcome uncertainty led to greater enjoyment, and this effect was mediated by suspense. Although outperforming one’s opponent by a wide margin maximized perceived competence, these games were less enjoyable than closer games with higher outcome uncertainty. These findings were extended in Study 2, which incorporated a behavioral measure of intrinsic motivation. Participants chose to play games they previously rated as relatively high in suspense but relatively low in perceived competence over games which provided higher perceptions of competence but less suspense. Performance concern moderated this effect. Implications of the findings for theories of intrinsic motivation, and possible avenues for future research, are discussed. |
Author | Jalal, Baland Abuhamdeh, Sami Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sami surname: Abuhamdeh fullname: Abuhamdeh, Sami email: samiabuhamdeh@sehir.edu.tr organization: Department of Psychology, Istanbul Şehir University – sequence: 2 givenname: Mihaly surname: Csikszentmihalyi fullname: Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly organization: Claremont Graduate University – sequence: 3 givenname: Baland surname: Jalal fullname: Jalal, Baland organization: University of California, San Diego |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/0022-1031(84)90042-8 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1982.tb00682.x 10.1007/s11031-005-4415-z 10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.501 10.1177/0956797611418676 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2005.tb02483.x 10.2307/2094445 10.1016/0022-1031(89)90027-9 10.1037/h0043445 10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83 10.1177/0146167298247001 10.1177/0146167296221003 10.1080/00224545.1986.9713614 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x 10.1111/1467-9280.00401 10.1207/S15327663JCP1201_04 10.1037/0022-3514.51.5.918 10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.968 10.1177/0146167211427147 10.1016/0749-596X(89)90001-6 10.1023/A:1026259005264 10.1159/000271574 10.1007/978-1-4613-4446-9 10.1123/tsp.8.2.189 10.4324/9781410604118 |
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Keywords | Perceived competence Intrinsic motivation Suspense Outcome uncertainty |
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Snippet | In two studies, the relevance of outcome uncertainty and suspense for intrinsic motivation was examined. In Study 1, participants played a competitive zero-sum... |
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SubjectTerms | Behavioral Science and Psychology Clinical Psychology Computer & video games Motivation Original Paper Personality and Social Psychology Psychology Sports |
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Title | Enjoying the possibility of defeat: Outcome uncertainty, suspense, and intrinsic motivation |
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