RAGE: The Beneficial and Deleterious Effects by Diverse Mechanisms of Actions

• Published in: Molecules and cells Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 91 - 97
• Main Authors: Han, S.H., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Kim, Y.H., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Mook I.H., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 01.02.2011; Korea Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology; 한국분자세포생물학회
• Subjects: Alzheimer disease; Amyloid beta; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism; Cell Biology; DISEASES; ENFERMEDAD; Humans; Life Sciences; Ligands; MALADIES; Microglia - metabolism; Minireview; Models, Biological; Neurons - metabolism; NF-kappaB; p38 MARK; RAGE; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism; Signal Transduction; 생물학; NF-κB; RAGE; Alzheimer disease; Amyloid β; p38 MARK
• ISSN: 1016-8478; 0219-1032
• DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0030-x

Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE is expressed ubiquitously-high in lung and moderate to low in a wide range of cells-in a tightly regulated manner at various stages of development. RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor that binds to multiple ligands, including amphoterin, members of the S100/calgranulin family, the integrin Mac-1, and amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). RAGE-ligand engagement effects the activation of diverse cascades that initiate and stimulate chronic stress pathways and repair, depending on the ligand, environment, and developmental stage. Further, RAGE-ligand interaction and the consequent upregulation of RAGE through a positive feedback loop are often associated with various diseases, including vascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. It is unknown how RAGE mediates these events, but such phenomena appear to be linked to the inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize the findings on RAGE from published reports and ongoing studies. Also, the implication of RAGE in Alzheimer disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, will be discussed, with a focus on Aβ-RAGE interactions with regard to signaling pathways and their impact on cellular activity.