Sand filters for removal of microbes and nutrients from wastewater during a one-year pilot study in a cold temperate climate

• Published in: Journal of environmental management Vol. 133; pp. 206 - 213
• Main Authors: Kauppinen, Ari, Martikainen, Kati, Matikka, Ville, Veijalainen, Anna-Maria, Pitkänen, Tarja, Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi, Miettinen, Ilkka T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 15.01.2014; Elsevier; Academic Press Ltd
• Subjects: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae - isolation & purification; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Applied sciences; bacteria; Base Sequence; Biological and medical sciences; Climate; Cold; Cold Temperature; Coliphages - isolation & purification; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; construction materials; DNA Primers; effluents; Enteric viruses; Exact sciences and technology; Filters; Finland; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; groundwater; humans; Microbial indicators; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Norovirus - isolation & purification; Nutrient removal; Nutrients; Onsite wastewater treatment; Pathogens; phosphorus; Phosphorus removal; Pilot Projects; planning; Pollution; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains; sand; Sand & gravel; Sand filter; Silicon Dioxide; temperate zones; Virology; viruses; Waste Water - chemistry; Waste Water - virology; wastewater; wastewater treatment; Wastewaters; Water treatment; Water treatment and pollution; Finland; Pathogens; Nutrients; Sand filter; Microbial indicators; Onsite wastewater treatment; Enteric viruses; Environmental management; Indicator; Waste water; Virus; Pathogenic; Temperate climate; Nutrient; Cold climate; Microorganism; Waste water purification

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are recognised as potential threats to groundwater or other water environments subject to discharged effluents. In this study, the microbiological and nutrient removal properties of three different pilot-scale sand filters (SFs) were followed over a one-yea...