Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier

Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal permeability is an index for intestinal barrier integrity. Intestinal permeability has been shown to increase in various diseases—not only intestinal i...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 14; p. 7613
Main Authors Usuda, Haruki, Okamoto, Takayuki, Wada, Koichiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 16.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Animal models
Antigens
Bacteria
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Digestive system
Etiology
Genomes
Gram-positive bacteria
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Intestinal microflora
intestinal permeability
Intestine
Kidney diseases
Kinases
leaky gut
Lipopolysaccharides
Membrane permeability
Metabolites
microbiome
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Mucosa
Nutrients
Permeability
Proteins
Review
short-chain fatty acids
Stem cells
Systemic diseases
tight junction
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Abstract Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal permeability is an index for intestinal barrier integrity. Intestinal permeability has been shown to increase in various diseases—not only intestinal inflammatory diseases, but also systemic diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic increase of intestinal permeability is termed ‘leaky gut’ which is observed in the patients and animal models of these diseases. This state often correlates with the disease state. In addition, recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota affects intestinal and systemic heath conditions via their metabolite, especially short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger leaky gut. The etiology of leaky gut is still unknown; however, recent studies have uncovered exogenous factors that can modulate intestinal permeability. Nutrients are closely related to intestinal health and permeability that are actively investigated as a hot topic of scientific research. Here, we will review the effect of nutrients on intestinal permeability and microbiome for a better understanding of leaky gut and a possible mechanism of increase in intestinal permeability.
AbstractList Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal permeability is an index for intestinal barrier integrity. Intestinal permeability has been shown to increase in various diseases—not only intestinal inflammatory diseases, but also systemic diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic increase of intestinal permeability is termed ‘leaky gut’ which is observed in the patients and animal models of these diseases. This state often correlates with the disease state. In addition, recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota affects intestinal and systemic heath conditions via their metabolite, especially short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger leaky gut. The etiology of leaky gut is still unknown; however, recent studies have uncovered exogenous factors that can modulate intestinal permeability. Nutrients are closely related to intestinal health and permeability that are actively investigated as a hot topic of scientific research. Here, we will review the effect of nutrients on intestinal permeability and microbiome for a better understanding of leaky gut and a possible mechanism of increase in intestinal permeability.
Author Usuda, Haruki
Wada, Koichiro
Okamoto, Takayuki
AuthorAffiliation Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enyachō, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; koiwada@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enyachō, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; koiwada@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
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  surname: Okamoto
  fullname: Okamoto, Takayuki
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  givenname: Koichiro
  surname: Wada
  fullname: Wada, Koichiro
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    fullname: Sandvig
– ident: ref_68
  doi: 10.3390/ijms22010065
– volume: 22
  start-page: 3072
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_134
  article-title: Diet, Genetics, and the Gut Microbiome Drive Dynamic Changes in Plasma Metabolites
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.060
  contributor:
    fullname: Fujisaka
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Snippet Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal...
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SubjectTerms Animal models
Antigens
Bacteria
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Digestive system
Etiology
Genomes
Gram-positive bacteria
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Intestinal microflora
intestinal permeability
Intestine
Kidney diseases
Kinases
leaky gut
Lipopolysaccharides
Membrane permeability
Metabolites
microbiome
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Mucosa
Nutrients
Permeability
Proteins
Review
short-chain fatty acids
Stem cells
Systemic diseases
tight junction
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Title Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier
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