The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 657; pp. 1343 - 1356
• Main Authors: Jones, Edward, Qadir, Manzoor, van Vliet, Michelle T.H., Smakhtin, Vladimir, Kang, Seong-mu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 20.03.2019
• Subjects: Concentrate stream; desalination; Desalination technology; economic costs; environmental impact; Feedwater type; hypersalinity; Kuwait; Middle East; Northern Africa; Product water; Qatar; rain; Recovery ratio; rivers; runoff; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; water shortages; Middle East; Northern Africa; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Kuwait; Qatar; Recovery ratio; Concentrate stream; Feedwater type; Product water; Desalination technology

Rising water demands and diminishing water supplies are exacerbating water scarcity in most world regions. Conventional approaches relying on rainfall and river runoff in water scarce areas are no longer sufficient to meet human demands. Unconventional water resources, such as desalinated water, are...