Non-Omicron breakthrough infection with higher viral load and longer vaccination-infection interval improves SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 neutralization

The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in impr...

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Published iniScience Vol. 26; no. 2; p. 105969
Main Authors Miyamoto, Sho, Arashiro, Takeshi, Ueno, Akira, Kanno, Takayuki, Saito, Shinji, Katano, Harutaka, Iida, Shun, Ainai, Akira, Ozono, Seiya, Hemmi, Takuya, Hirata, Yuichiro, Moriyama, Saya, Kotaki, Ryutaro, Kinoshita, Hitomi, Yamada, Souichi, Shinkai, Masaharu, Fukushi, Shuetsu, Takahashi, Yoshimasa, Suzuki, Tadaki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 17.02.2023
The Authors
Elsevier
Subjects
Immune response
Immunology
Virology
Immunology
Immune response
Virology
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Abstract The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines. [Display omitted] •Neutralization potency to SARS-CoV-2 after breakthrough infection is diverse•Increased neutralizing activity is associated with high airway viral replication•Neutralization breadth is associated with longer vaccination-infection interval Immunology; Immune response; Virology.
AbstractList The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.
The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines. [Display omitted] •Neutralization potency to SARS-CoV-2 after breakthrough infection is diverse•Increased neutralizing activity is associated with high airway viral replication•Neutralization breadth is associated with longer vaccination-infection interval Immunology; Immune response; Virology.
The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.
ArticleNumber 105969
Author Shinkai, Masaharu
Suzuki, Tadaki
Kanno, Takayuki
Katano, Harutaka
Kinoshita, Hitomi
Yamada, Souichi
Iida, Shun
Ueno, Akira
Saito, Shinji
Hirata, Yuichiro
Moriyama, Saya
Takahashi, Yoshimasa
Miyamoto, Sho
Kotaki, Ryutaro
Arashiro, Takeshi
Ozono, Seiya
Fukushi, Shuetsu
Hemmi, Takuya
Ainai, Akira
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  organization: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-3820-9542
  surname: Suzuki
  fullname: Suzuki, Tadaki
  email: tksuzuki@niid.go.jp
  organization: Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Issue 2
Keywords Immunology
Immune response
Virology
Language English
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2023 The Authors.
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Snippet The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior...
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SubjectTerms Immune response
Immunology
Virology
Title Non-Omicron breakthrough infection with higher viral load and longer vaccination-infection interval improves SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 neutralization
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.105969
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Volume 26
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