Elevation in cerebral blood flow velocity with aerobic fitness throughout healthy human ageing
It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate ce...
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| Published in | The Journal of physiology Vol. 586; no. 16; pp. 4005 - 4010 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
The Physiological Society
15.08.2008
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Science Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small
sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal
studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in
humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral
artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured
in healthy sedentary ( n = 153) and endurance-trained ( n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using
analysis of covariance methods. Mean ± s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv
was â0.76 ± 0.04 cm s â1 year â1 (95% CI = â0.69 to â0.83, r 2 = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status ( P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 ± 3.3 cm s â1 (CI = 2.7â15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This â¼17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted
to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv âageâ and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular
aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18â79 years. The persistence of this finding in older
endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary (n = 153) and endurance-trained (n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean +/- s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv was -0.76 +/- 0.04 cm s(-1) year(-1) (95% CI = -0.69 to -0.83, r(2) = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status (P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 +/- 3.3 cm s(-1) (CI = 2.7-15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This approximately 17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv 'age' and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18-79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age‐related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary ( n = 153) and endurance‐trained ( n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean ± s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age‐related decline in MCAv was −0.76 ± 0.04 cm s −1 year −1 (95% CI =−0.69 to −0.83, r 2 = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status ( P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 ± 3.3 cm s −1 (CI = 2.7–15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance‐trained men throughout the age range. This ∼17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv ‘age’ and was robust to between‐group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic‐endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18–79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance‐trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age‐related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary (n= 153) and endurance‐trained (n= 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean ±s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age‐related decline in MCAv was −0.76 ± 0.04 cm s−1 year−1 (95% CI =−0.69 to −0.83, r2= 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status (P= 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 ± 3.3 cm s−1 (CI = 2.7–15.6, P= 0.006) in endurance‐trained men throughout the age range. This ∼17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv ‘age’ and was robust to between‐group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic‐endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18–79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance‐trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary (n = 153) and endurance-trained (n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean +/- s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv was -0.76 +/- 0.04 cm s(-1) year(-1) (95% CI = -0.69 to -0.83, r(2) = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status (P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 +/- 3.3 cm s(-1) (CI = 2.7-15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This approximately 17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv 'age' and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18-79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population.It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary (n = 153) and endurance-trained (n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean +/- s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv was -0.76 +/- 0.04 cm s(-1) year(-1) (95% CI = -0.69 to -0.83, r(2) = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status (P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 +/- 3.3 cm s(-1) (CI = 2.7-15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This approximately 17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv 'age' and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18-79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary ( n = 153) and endurance-trained ( n = 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean ± s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv was â0.76 ± 0.04 cm s â1 year â1 (95% CI = â0.69 to â0.83, r 2 = 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status ( P = 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 ± 3.3 cm s â1 (CI = 2.7â15.6, P = 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This â¼17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv âageâ and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18â79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact estimate of decline imprecise and the effects of possible moderator variables unknown. Animal studies indicate that aerobic exercise can elevate cerebral blood flow; however, this possibility has not been examined in humans. We examined how regular aerobic exercise affects the age-related decline in blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) in healthy humans. Maximal oxygen consumption, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and MCAv were measured in healthy sedentary (n= 153) and endurance-trained (n= 154) men aged between 18 and 79 years. The relationships between age, training status, BMI and MCAv were examined using analysis of covariance methods. Mean plus or minus s.e.m. estimates of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The age-related decline in MCAv was -0.76 plus or minus 0.04 cm s super(-1) year super(-1) (95% CI =-0.69 to -0.83, r super(2)= 0.66, P < 0.0005) and was independent of training status (P= 0.65). Nevertheless, MCAv was consistently elevated by 9.1 plus or minus 3.3 cm s super(-1) (CI = 2.7-15.6, P= 0.006) in endurance-trained men throughout the age range. This similar to 17% difference between trained and sedentary men amounted to an approximate 10 year reduction in MCAv 'age' and was robust to between-group differences in BMI and blood pressure. Regular aerobic-endurance exercise is associated with higher MCAv in men aged 18-79 years. The persistence of this finding in older endurance-trained men may therefore help explain why there is a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease in this population. |
| Author | Greg Atkinson James D. Cotter Philip N. Ainslie Sam Lucas Keith P. George Carissa Murrell Michael J. A. Williams Kate N. Thomas Rob Shave |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Philip N. surname: Ainslie fullname: Ainslie, Philip N. – sequence: 2 givenname: James D. surname: Cotter fullname: Cotter, James D. – sequence: 3 givenname: Keith P. surname: George fullname: George, Keith P. – sequence: 4 givenname: Sam surname: Lucas fullname: Lucas, Sam – sequence: 5 givenname: Carissa surname: Murrell fullname: Murrell, Carissa – sequence: 6 givenname: Rob surname: Shave fullname: Shave, Rob – sequence: 7 givenname: Kate N. surname: Thomas fullname: Thomas, Kate N. – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael J. A. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Michael J. A. – sequence: 9 givenname: Greg surname: Atkinson fullname: Atkinson, Greg |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635643$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small
sample sizes, making the exact... It is known that cerebral blood flow declines with age in sedentary adults, although previous studies have involved small sample sizes, making the exact... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aging - physiology Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Exercise - physiology Humans Integrative Male Middle Aged Oxygen - metabolism Physical Fitness - physiology |
| Title | Elevation in cerebral blood flow velocity with aerobic fitness throughout healthy human ageing |
| URI | http://jp.physoc.org/content/586/16/4005.abstract https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2008.158279 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635643 https://www.proquest.com/docview/21056085 https://www.proquest.com/docview/69437965 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2538930 |
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