Sterile syringe access conditions and variations in HIV risk among drug injectors in three cities

• Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) Vol. 99; no. 9; pp. 1136 - 1146
• Main Authors: Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Malik, Mohammed Rehan, Grau, Lauretta E., Singer, Merrill, Marshall, Patricia, Heimer, Robert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.09.2004; Blackwell; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Access; Addiction; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; California - epidemiology; Chicago - epidemiology; Cities; Connecticut - epidemiology; Drug users; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health; HIV; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - ethnology; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV prevention; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; injection drug use; Intravenous drug addicts; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Needle exchange programs; Needle exchange schemes; Needle Sharing - adverse effects; Needle-Exchange Programs - methods; Pharmacies; pharmacy; Police; Prevention; Psychoanalysis; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Risk assessment; Risk Factors; Social problems; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - ethnology; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - rehabilitation; syringe access; syringe exchange program; Urban areas; USA; Chicago; Connecticut; California; United States; US; Drug; Immunopathology; Accessibility; Psychology; Retroviridae; Sterile; Variations; Risk; AIDS; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Infection; Virus; Toxicology; Addiction; Viral disease; Risk factor; Syringe; Psychopathology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Psychiatry

ABSTRACT Aim  Better sterile syringe access should be associated with a lower likelihood of syringe re‐use and receptive syringe sharing, although few empirical studies have examined gradients in syringe access using both individual and ecological data. In this study, we compare syringe re‐use and r...