Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): Refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data

Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further pro...

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Published inPain (Amsterdam) Vol. 151; no. 3; pp. 598 - 605
Main Authors Magerl, Walter, Krumova, Elena K., Baron, Ralf, Tölle, Thomas, Treede, Rolf-Detlef, Maier, Christoph
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia, PA Elsevier B.V 01.12.2010
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0304-3959
1872-6623
1872-6623
DOI10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.026

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Abstract Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further problems: how to adjust for age-related sensory changes, and how to compare groups of patients with the reference database. We applied a moving average across ages to define reference values per decade. This analysis revealed that women were more sensitive to heat pain independent of age. In contrast, functions were converging at older age for blunt pressure pain, but diverging for punctate mechanical pain (pin prick). The probability that an individual patient dataset is within the range of normal variability is calculated by z-transform using site-, gender- and age-specific reference data. To compare groups of patients with reference data, we evaluated two techniques: A: paired t-test versus fixed mean; i.e. the reference mean value is considered as the known population mean, B: non-paired t-test versus the reference dataset and number of cases restrained to the same number of cases as the patient data set. Simulations for various sample sizes and variances showed that method B was more conservative than method A. We present a simple way of calculating method B for data that have been z-normalized. This technique makes the DFNS reference data bank applicable for researchers beyond the DFNS community without a need for subsampling of subjects from the database.
AbstractList Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further problems: how to adjust for age-related sensory changes, and how to compare groups of patients with the reference database. We applied a moving average across ages to define reference values per decade. This analysis revealed that women were more sensitive to heat pain independent of age. In contrast, functions were converging at older age for blunt pressure pain, but diverging for punctate mechanical pain (pin prick). The probability that an individual patient dataset is within the range of normal variability is calculated by z-transform using site-, gender- and age-specific reference data. To compare groups of patients with reference data, we evaluated two techniques: A: paired t-test versus fixed mean; i.e. the reference mean value is considered as the known population mean, B: non-paired t-test versus the reference dataset and number of cases restrained to the same number of cases as the patient data set. Simulations for various sample sizes and variances showed that method B was more conservative than method A. We present a simple way of calculating method B for data that have been z-normalized. This technique makes the DFNS reference data bank applicable for researchers beyond the DFNS community without a need for subsampling of subjects from the database.Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further problems: how to adjust for age-related sensory changes, and how to compare groups of patients with the reference database. We applied a moving average across ages to define reference values per decade. This analysis revealed that women were more sensitive to heat pain independent of age. In contrast, functions were converging at older age for blunt pressure pain, but diverging for punctate mechanical pain (pin prick). The probability that an individual patient dataset is within the range of normal variability is calculated by z-transform using site-, gender- and age-specific reference data. To compare groups of patients with reference data, we evaluated two techniques: A: paired t-test versus fixed mean; i.e. the reference mean value is considered as the known population mean, B: non-paired t-test versus the reference dataset and number of cases restrained to the same number of cases as the patient data set. Simulations for various sample sizes and variances showed that method B was more conservative than method A. We present a simple way of calculating method B for data that have been z-normalized. This technique makes the DFNS reference data bank applicable for researchers beyond the DFNS community without a need for subsampling of subjects from the database.
Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further problems: how to adjust for age-related sensory changes, and how to compare groups of patients with the reference database. We applied a moving average across ages to define reference values per decade. This analysis revealed that women were more sensitive to heat pain independent of age. In contrast, functions were converging at older age for blunt pressure pain, but diverging for punctate mechanical pain (pin prick). The probability that an individual patient dataset is within the range of normal variability is calculated by z-transform using site-, gender- and age-specific reference data. To compare groups of patients with reference data, we evaluated two techniques: A: paired t-test versus fixed mean; i.e. the reference mean value is considered as the known population mean, B: non-paired t-test versus the reference dataset and number of cases restrained to the same number of cases as the patient data set. Simulations for various sample sizes and variances showed that method B was more conservative than method A. We present a simple way of calculating method B for data that have been z-normalized. This technique makes the DFNS reference data bank applicable for researchers beyond the DFNS community without a need for subsampling of subjects from the database.
Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by defining reference data stratified for test site, gender and age for a standardized QST protocol. In this report we have targeted two further problemshow to adjust for age-related sensory changes, and how to compare groups of patients with the reference database. We applied a moving average across ages to define reference values per decade. This analysis revealed that women were more sensitive to heat pain independent of age. In contrast, functions were converging at older age for blunt pressure pain, but diverging for punctate mechanical pain (pin prick). The probability that an individual patient dataset is within the range of normal variability is calculated by z-transform using site-, gender- and age-specific reference data. To compare groups of patients with reference data, we evaluated two techniquesApaired t-test versus fixed mean; i.e. the reference mean value is considered as the known population mean, Bnon-paired t-test versus the reference dataset and number of cases restrained to the same number of cases as the patient data set. Simulations for various sample sizes and variances showed that method B was more conservative than method A. We present a simple way of calculating method B for data that have been z-normalized. This technique makes the DFNS reference data bank applicable for researchers beyond the DFNS community without a need for subsampling of subjects from the database.
Author Tölle, Thomas
Maier, Christoph
Treede, Rolf-Detlef
Magerl, Walter
Krumova, Elena K.
Baron, Ralf
AuthorAffiliation Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany Department of Pain Management, BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Germany Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Germany
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany Department of Pain Management, BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Germany Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Germany
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Walter
  surname: Magerl
  fullname: Magerl, Walter
  email: walter.magerl@medma.uni-heidelberg.de
  organization: Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Elena K.
  surname: Krumova
  fullname: Krumova, Elena K.
  organization: Department of Pain Management, BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ralf
  surname: Baron
  fullname: Baron, Ralf
  organization: Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Germany
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Tölle
  fullname: Tölle, Thomas
  organization: Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Germany
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Rolf-Detlef
  surname: Treede
  fullname: Treede, Rolf-Detlef
  organization: Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Maier
  fullname: Maier, Christoph
  organization: Department of Pain Management, BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965658$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 3
Keywords CPT
WDT
VDT
Gender
TSL
HPT
Statistics
MPT
MPS
CDT
QST
PPT
WUR
Reference data
DFNS
DMA
PHS
MDT
Stratification
Quantitative sensory testing
Age
Pain
Sex
Language English
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Snippet Clinical use of quantitative sensory testing (QST) requires standardization. The German research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS) solves this problem by...
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SubjectTerms Age
Age Factors
Biological and medical sciences
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gender
Humans
Male
Pain - physiopathology
Pain Measurement
Pain Perception - physiology
Pain Threshold - physiology
Quantitative sensory testing
Reference data
Reference Values
Sex Factors
Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors
Statistics
Statistics as Topic - methods
Stratification
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Title Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): Refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.026
https://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=n&CSC=Y&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00006396-201012000-00011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965658
https://www.proquest.com/docview/762480175
Volume 151
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