Online cheating amid COVID-19

We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the cheating problem based on the experience accumulated by online chess communities over the past two decades. The best implementable solution is...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of economic behavior & organization Vol. 182; pp. 196 - 211
Main Authors Bilen, Eren, Matros, Alexander
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2021
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0167-2681
1879-1751
0167-2681
DOI10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004

Cover

Loading…
Abstract We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the cheating problem based on the experience accumulated by online chess communities over the past two decades. The best implementable solution is a uniform online exam policy where a camera capturing each students computer screen and room is a requirement. We recommend avoiding grading on a curve and giving students less time but simpler questions on tests.
AbstractList We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the cheating problem based on the experience accumulated by online chess communities over the past two decades. The best implementable solution is a uniform online exam policy where a camera capturing each students computer screen and room is a requirement. We recommend avoiding grading on a curve and giving students less time but simpler questions on tests.
We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the cheating problem based on the experience accumulated by online chess communities over the past two decades. The best implementable solution is a uniform online exam policy where a camera capturing each students computer screen and room is a requirement. We recommend avoiding grading on a curve and giving students less time but simpler questions on tests.We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the cheating problem based on the experience accumulated by online chess communities over the past two decades. The best implementable solution is a uniform online exam policy where a camera capturing each students computer screen and room is a requirement. We recommend avoiding grading on a curve and giving students less time but simpler questions on tests.
Author Bilen, Eren
Matros, Alexander
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Eren
  surname: Bilen
  fullname: Bilen, Eren
  email: eren.bilen@grad.moore.sc.edu
  organization: Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alexander
  surname: Matros
  fullname: Matros, Alexander
  email: alexander.matros@moore.sc.edu
  organization: Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36536874$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kE1LAzEURYMoWj_-gKB06WZq8pJMZkAEqZ9Q6EbdhkzmjaZME51MC_57U6pFXZhNILnnvsfZJ9s-eCTkmNERoyw_n41mWIURUEgPMKJUbJEBK1SZMSXZNhmkkMogL9ge2Y9xRtNRUO6SPZ5LnhdKDMjJ1LfO49C-oumdfxmauauH4-nzw3XGykOy05g24tHXfUCebm8ex_fZZHr3ML6aZFYC7TOLqiqNkMDLprDSYFOZWpUlFZLa3OQCZFVwaYzNseIV5Q0HWteCGagBqOUH5HLd-7ao5lhb9H1nWv3WubnpPnQwTv_-8e5Vv4SlLpUUwGQqOPsq6ML7AmOv5y5abFvjMSyiBiVzBpwLkaKnP2dthnw7SQFYB2wXYuyw2UQY1SvxeqZX4vVKvGagk_gEFX8g6_pkNKz2de3_6MUaxWR46bDT0Tr0FmvXoe11Hdx_-Cf05Zxa
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_17323_jle_2024_14037
crossref_primary_10_12937_itel_3_1_Reg_p002
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2023_2186899
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440241311785
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_021_04805_z
crossref_primary_10_1080_00220485_2022_2111384
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_022_03826_0
crossref_primary_10_1080_10508422_2022_2104281
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jebo_2024_07_012
crossref_primary_10_1080_08993408_2024_2344401
crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare11111558
crossref_primary_10_1177_14782103211021937
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40468_024_00304_1
crossref_primary_10_53850_joltida_1177949
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e33876
crossref_primary_10_1080_0020739X_2022_2070084
crossref_primary_10_1080_02602938_2022_2048356
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_024_09591_y
crossref_primary_10_1080_10508422_2024_2328597
crossref_primary_10_1257_aeri_20230077
crossref_primary_10_3390_informatics10010029
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0291689
crossref_primary_10_1108_JIEB_11_2022_0082
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_023_09493_5
crossref_primary_10_1051_itmconf_20213903008
crossref_primary_10_2478_rem_2022_0016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_iree_2024_100305
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_025_13350_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci13060566
crossref_primary_10_47216_literacytrek_932316
crossref_primary_10_5812_erms_122572
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijme_2021_100556
crossref_primary_10_32628_IJSRSET229428
crossref_primary_10_1002_soej_12635
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijme_2022_100713
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joep_2022_102555
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22197284
crossref_primary_10_56532_mjsat_v2i3_62
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1355770X22000353
crossref_primary_10_1007_s41870_021_00684_0
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_3c00476
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_18045_7
crossref_primary_10_61506_02_00175
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4101671
crossref_primary_10_4000_dms_8168
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jth_2021_101087
crossref_primary_10_1177_00332941231184385
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440231210691
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_caeo_2021_100055
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci11100576
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2022_935997
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compedu_2021_104263
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440231209110
crossref_primary_10_1108_JARHE_12_2023_0559
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci13020184
crossref_primary_10_4102_jef_v16i1_829
crossref_primary_10_1026_0012_1924_a000317
crossref_primary_10_12973_ejmse_3_2_191
crossref_primary_10_1080_02602938_2022_2144802
crossref_primary_10_3390_su131810296
crossref_primary_10_1111_jcal_12746
crossref_primary_10_3102_01623737241274802
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_024_09554_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssaho_2023_100428
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_11929_9
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4579110
crossref_primary_10_34301_alsc_v6i2_42
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci13020194
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jebo_2023_01_011
crossref_primary_10_24310_ijtei_101_2024_17672
crossref_primary_10_1080_2331186X_2023_2172308
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3359689
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSS_2023_3254504
crossref_primary_10_2308_ISSUES_2021_059
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_022_10927_7
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2022_856129
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440221140391
crossref_primary_10_31580_jmi_v11i2_3039
crossref_primary_10_1093_femsle_fnab103
crossref_primary_10_31464_jlere_1472710
crossref_primary_10_3390_systems11060306
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10551_024_05628_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_caeo_2024_100193
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40979_023_00143_2
crossref_primary_10_1080_02602938_2023_2175348
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_1c00853
crossref_primary_10_1002_app5_359
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_021_06712_1
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci12120901
crossref_primary_10_1111_jcal_12713
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_econedurev_2023_102505
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40979_024_00179_y
crossref_primary_10_1111_ivb_12329
crossref_primary_10_1177_00336882231168438
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_iree_2024_100289
crossref_primary_10_12973_ijem_8_3_465
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_024_09508_9
crossref_primary_10_15219_em90_1519
crossref_primary_10_1024_2235_0977_a000460
crossref_primary_10_1108_ITSE_11_2023_0215
crossref_primary_10_25159_2663_5895_10969
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.021
10.1111/jeea.12014
10.1038/nature17160
10.1007/s10683-018-9584-1
10.1257/0002828053828662
10.1287/mnsc.1110.1449
10.1257/000282802762024665
10.1086/259394
10.1007/s10805-014-9207-1
10.1007/s10869-014-9343-z
10.1007/s10683-016-9491-2
10.1162/00335530360698441
10.1016/j.jebo.2019.03.015
10.3758/s13428-016-0800-7
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V.
2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 Elsevier B.V.
– notice: 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
– notice: 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2020 Elsevier B.V.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic

PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
Business
EISSN 1879-1751
0167-2681
EndPage 211
ExternalDocumentID PMC9754215
36536874
10_1016_j_jebo_2020_12_004
S0167268120304510
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-~X
.~1
0R~
13V
1B1
1OL
1RT
1~.
1~5
29K
3R3
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
63O
6TJ
7-5
71M
8P~
9JO
AABNK
AACTN
AADFP
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFFL
AAGJA
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAPFB
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABKBG
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABMVD
ABOYX
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACHRH
ACNTT
ACRLP
ACROA
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADFHU
ADIYS
ADMUD
AEBSH
AEKER
AEYQN
AFFNX
AFKWA
AFODL
AFTJW
AFYLN
AGHFR
AGTHC
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AI.
AIEXJ
AIIAU
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AJWLA
ALEQD
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AXLSJ
AZFZN
BEHZQ
BEZPJ
BGSCR
BKOJK
BKOMP
BLXMC
BNSAS
BNTGB
BPUDD
BULVW
BZJEE
CS3
D-I
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F0J
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-2
G-Q
GBLVA
HLX
HMB
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
IXIXF
J1W
KOM
LG8
LPU
LY5
M41
MO0
MS~
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PQQKQ
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SBM
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SEB
SEE
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSB
SSF
SSY
SSZ
T5K
TN5
UQL
VH1
WUQ
XPP
YK3
YQT
ZKB
ZMT
~G-
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADMHG
ADNMO
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AFXIZ
AGCQF
AGQPQ
AGRNS
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
BNPGV
CITATION
SSH
NPM
PKN
7X8
5PM
EFKBS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-ce7b9a45239f8c5aefbad7990450c6a6425b835aac6eb3b03f320dd41a2d220c3
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0167-2681
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:39:16 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 02:01:07 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:26:04 EST 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:54 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:04:21 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:44:28 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Online examinations
A2
Cheating
Education
I20
K42
Online chess
Language English
License 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c520t-ce7b9a45239f8c5aefbad7990450c6a6425b835aac6eb3b03f320dd41a2d220c3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9754215
PMID 36536874
PQID 2756123344
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 16
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9754215
proquest_miscellaneous_2756123344
pubmed_primary_36536874
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jebo_2020_12_004
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_jebo_2020_12_004
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jebo_2020_12_004
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-02-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-02-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 02
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-02-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Netherlands
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Netherlands
PublicationTitle Journal of economic behavior & organization
PublicationTitleAlternate J Econ Behav Organ
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Erat, Gneezy (bib0007) 2012; 58
Gneezy (bib0011) 2005; 95
Charness, Blanco-Jimenez, Ezquerra, Rodriguez-Lara (bib0003) 2019; 22
Becker (bib0002) 1968; 76
Alan, Ertac, Gumren (bib0001) 2020; 179
Fischbacher, Föllmi-Heusi (bib0009) 2013; 11
Watson, Sottile (bib0020) 2010; 13
Gächter, Schulz (bib0010) 2016; 531
Duggan, Levitt (bib0006) 2002; 92
Lederman (bib0014) 2020
.
Martinelli, Parker, Pérez-Gea, Rodrigo (bib0017) 2018; 10
Vanberg (bib0019) 2017; 20
Levitt, Dubner (bib0015) 2005
Maggioni, Rossignoli (bib0016) 2020; 172
Diedenhofen, Musch (bib0005) 2017; 49
Fask, Englander, Wang (bib0008) 2014; 12
Jacob, Levitt (bib0012) 2003; 118
Newton, D., 2020. Another problem with shifting education online: a rise in cheating. Washington Post.
Dee, Jacob (bib0004) 2012; 47
Karim, Kaminsky, Behrend (bib0013) 2014; 29
10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0018
Martinelli (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0017) 2018; 10
Vanberg (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0019) 2017; 20
Gächter (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0010) 2016; 531
Levitt (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0015) 2005
Fask (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0008) 2014; 12
Jacob (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0012) 2003; 118
Fischbacher (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0009) 2013; 11
Karim (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0013) 2014; 29
Gneezy (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0011) 2005; 95
Diedenhofen (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0005) 2017; 49
Alan (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0001) 2020; 179
Becker (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0002) 1968; 76
Duggan (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0006) 2002; 92
Dee (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0004) 2012; 47
Watson (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0020) 2010; 13
Charness (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0003) 2019; 22
Erat (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0007) 2012; 58
Lederman (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_sbref0014) 2020
Maggioni (10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0016) 2020; 172
References_xml – volume: 58
  start-page: 723
  year: 2012
  end-page: 733
  ident: bib0007
  article-title: White lies
  publication-title: Manage Sci
– volume: 92
  start-page: 1594
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1605
  ident: bib0006
  article-title: Winning isn’t everything: corruption in sumo wrestling
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1444
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1459
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: Pagefocus: using paradata to detect and prevent cheating on online achievement tests
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
– volume: 11
  start-page: 525
  year: 2013
  end-page: 547
  ident: bib0009
  article-title: Lies in disguise-an experimental study on cheating
  publication-title: J. Eur. Econ. Assoc.
– volume: 95
  start-page: 384
  year: 2005
  end-page: 394
  ident: bib0011
  article-title: Deception: the role of consequences
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 13
  year: 2010
  ident: bib0020
  article-title: Cheating in the digital age: do students cheat more in online courses?
  publication-title: Online J. Distance Learn. Admin.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 101
  year: 2014
  end-page: 112
  ident: bib0008
  article-title: Do online exams facilitate cheating? An experiment designed to separate possible cheating from the effect of the online test taking environment
  publication-title: J. Acad. Ethics
– volume: 531
  start-page: 496
  year: 2016
  end-page: 499
  ident: bib0010
  article-title: Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 172
  start-page: 380
  year: 2020
  end-page: 400
  ident: bib0016
  article-title: Clever little lies: math performance and cheating in primary schools in congo
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
– reference: Newton, D., 2020. Another problem with shifting education online: a rise in cheating. Washington Post.
– year: 2020
  ident: bib0014
  article-title: Best way to stop cheating in online courses? each better
  publication-title: Inside Higher Ed
– reference: .
– volume: 47
  start-page: 397
  year: 2012
  end-page: 434
  ident: bib0004
  article-title: Rational ignorance in education: a field experiment in student plagiarism
  publication-title: J. Hum. Resour.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 298
  year: 2018
  end-page: 325
  ident: bib0017
  article-title: Cheating and incentives: learning from a policy experiment
  publication-title: Am. Econ. J.: Econ. Policy
– volume: 22
  start-page: 155
  year: 2019
  end-page: 177
  ident: bib0003
  article-title: Cheating, incentives, and money manipulation
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
– year: 2005
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
– volume: 179
  start-page: 681
  year: 2020
  end-page: 701
  ident: bib0001
  article-title: Cheating and incentives in a performance context: evidence from a field experiment on children
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 555
  year: 2014
  end-page: 572
  ident: bib0013
  article-title: Cheating, reactions, and performance in remotely proctored testing: an exploratory experimental study
  publication-title: J. Bus. Psychol.
– volume: 118
  start-page: 843
  year: 2003
  end-page: 877
  ident: bib0012
  article-title: Rotten apples: an investigation of the prevalence and predictors of teacher cheating
  publication-title: Q. J. Econ.
– volume: 76
  start-page: 169
  year: 1968
  end-page: 217
  ident: bib0002
  article-title: Crime and punishment: an economic approach
  publication-title: J. Polit. Econ.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 448
  year: 2017
  end-page: 459
  ident: bib0019
  article-title: Who never tells a lie?
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
– volume: 172
  start-page: 380
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0016
  article-title: Clever little lies: math performance and cheating in primary schools in congo
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.021
– volume: 11
  start-page: 525
  issue: 3
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0009
  article-title: Lies in disguise-an experimental study on cheating
  publication-title: J. Eur. Econ. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1111/jeea.12014
– volume: 531
  start-page: 496
  issue: 7595
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0010
  article-title: Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature17160
– volume: 22
  start-page: 155
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0003
  article-title: Cheating, incentives, and money manipulation
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-018-9584-1
– volume: 95
  start-page: 384
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0011
  article-title: Deception: the role of consequences
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/0002828053828662
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_sbref0014
  article-title: Best way to stop cheating in online courses? each better
  publication-title: Inside Higher Ed
– volume: 13
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0020
  article-title: Cheating in the digital age: do students cheat more in online courses?
  publication-title: Online J. Distance Learn. Admin.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 723
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0007
  article-title: White lies
  publication-title: Manage Sci
  doi: 10.1287/mnsc.1110.1449
– volume: 10
  start-page: 298
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0017
  article-title: Cheating and incentives: learning from a policy experiment
  publication-title: Am. Econ. J.: Econ. Policy
– volume: 92
  start-page: 1594
  issue: 5
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0006
  article-title: Winning isn’t everything: corruption in sumo wrestling
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/000282802762024665
– year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0015
– volume: 76
  start-page: 169
  issue: 2
  year: 1968
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0002
  article-title: Crime and punishment: an economic approach
  publication-title: J. Polit. Econ.
  doi: 10.1086/259394
– volume: 12
  start-page: 101
  issue: 2
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0008
  article-title: Do online exams facilitate cheating? An experiment designed to separate possible cheating from the effect of the online test taking environment
  publication-title: J. Acad. Ethics
  doi: 10.1007/s10805-014-9207-1
– volume: 29
  start-page: 555
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0013
  article-title: Cheating, reactions, and performance in remotely proctored testing: an exploratory experimental study
  publication-title: J. Bus. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1007/s10869-014-9343-z
– ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0018
– volume: 20
  start-page: 448
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0019
  article-title: Who never tells a lie?
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-016-9491-2
– volume: 118
  start-page: 843
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0012
  article-title: Rotten apples: an investigation of the prevalence and predictors of teacher cheating
  publication-title: Q. J. Econ.
  doi: 10.1162/00335530360698441
– volume: 179
  start-page: 681
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0001
  article-title: Cheating and incentives in a performance context: evidence from a field experiment on children
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.03.015
– volume: 47
  start-page: 397
  issue: 2
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0004
  article-title: Rational ignorance in education: a field experiment in student plagiarism
  publication-title: J. Hum. Resour.
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1444
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004_bib0005
  article-title: Pagefocus: using paradata to detect and prevent cheating on online achievement tests
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0800-7
SSID ssj0000729
Score 2.5919924
Snippet We present evidence of cheating that took place in online examinations during COVID-19 lockdowns and propose two solutions with and without a camera for the...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 196
SubjectTerms Cheating
Education
Online chess
Online examinations
Title Online cheating amid COVID-19
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.12.004
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36536874
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2756123344
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9754215
Volume 182
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dS8MwEA-iIL6Izm-dVPBN6tq06cfjmI7N4QR1ureQpClWtBu6vfq3e9em06nswadCc4Fwl9zlkl9-R8hpqnQkIbGw4zSCBEW4iS2kTuyIhUL4msVpiueQ1_2gM_Cvhmy4RFrVWxiEVRrfX_r0wlubPw2jzcY4yxp3CKCnSJ9V3PYVz6x8P8RZfv7xBfNAZuyK3xulzcOZEuP1DGsackTqFEeCpljbH8Hp9-bzJ4byW1Bqb5B1s5u0muWAN8mSzmtktQKz17Ams8FvbJF6ySpqKXS_ELAs8ZolVuvmoXthu_E2GbQv71sd2xRHsBWjzsRWOpSx8CGPBC0rJnQqRRJCbPGZowIBaQWTsLsSQgWQL0vHSz3qJInvCppQ6ihvhyzno1zvEUurmDpSaomGceMkhs6hALtJBwzpRvvErbTClWEOxwIWL7yCiD1z1CRHTXKXctDkPjmb9RmXvBkLpVmlbD5nfQ6OfWG_k8oyHJYF3nWIXI-m7xxZ7SEoez7I7JaWmo3DC5gXRCG0hHM2nAkg5fZ8S549FdTbMRYMdtnBP8d7SNYoYmIK1PcRWZ68TXUdNjUTeVzM2mOy0uz2On389m4fe59gkvZh
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bT8IwFG4IJOqLUbyhojPxzSxs3brLI0EJiOKDl_jWtF0XITqIwv_3nK1DUcODr2tP0pzTnkv39TuEnKdKRxIKCztOIyhQhJvYQurEjlgohK9ZnKZ4D3k7DHqP_vUze66QTvkWBmGVxvcXPj331uZLy2izNR2NWvcIoKdIn5X_7cNnVjVkp2JVUmv3B73hl0MO82ZlOcU3Cpi3MwXMawzHGspE6uS3gqZf2x_x6Xf--RNG-S0udbfIpkkorXax5m1S0VmdrJV49jq2ZTYQjh3SLIhFLYUeGGKWJd5GidW5e-pf2m68Sx67Vw-dnm36I9iKUWdmKx3KWPhQSoKiFRM6lSIJIbz4zFGBgMqCSUiwhFABlMzS8VKPOkniu4ImlDrK2yPVbJLpA2JpFVNHSi3RNm6cxCAcCjCddMCWbtQgbqkVrgx5OPaweOUlSmzMUZMcNcldykGTDXKxkJkW1BkrZ7NS2XxpA3Dw7SvlzkrLcDgZ-LtDZHoy_-BIbA9x2fNhzn5hqcU6vIB5QRTCSLhkw8UEZN1eHslGLzn7dow9g112-M_1npL13sPtDb_pDwdHZIMiRCYHgR-T6ux9rpuQ48zkidnDnx5X928
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Online+cheating+amid+COVID-19&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+behavior+%26+organization&rft.au=Bilen%2C+Eren&rft.au=Matros%2C+Alexander&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft.issn=0167-2681&rft.volume=182&rft.spage=196&rft.epage=211&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jebo.2020.12.004&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_jebo_2020_12_004
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0167-2681&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0167-2681&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0167-2681&client=summon