Immune stimulation following dermal exposure to unsintered indium tin oxide
Abstract In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the indium industry. To date, there remains no clear understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). Pulmonary toxicity studies in rats and mice hav...
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Published in | Journal of immunotoxicology Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 268 - 272 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Informa Healthcare USA, Inc
01.07.2014
Taylor & Francis |
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Abstract | Abstract
In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the indium industry. To date, there remains no clear understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). Pulmonary toxicity studies in rats and mice have demonstrated the development of mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia and granulomas of mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues following exposure to indium tin oxide. Given the association between exposure to other metals and the development of immune-mediated diseases, these studies were undertaken to begin to investigate the immuno-modulatory potential of unsintered indium tin oxide (uITO) in a mouse model. Using modifications of the local lymph node assay, BALB/c mice (five animals/group) were exposed topically via intact or breached skin or injected intradermally at the base of the ear pinnae with either vehicle or increasing concentrations 2.5-10% uITO (90:10 indium oxide/tin oxide, particle size <50 nm). Dose-responsive increases in lymphocyte proliferation were observed with a calculated EC3 of 4.7% for the intact skin study. Phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells following intradermal injection with 5% uITO yielded a profile consistent with a T-cell-mediated response. These studies demonstrate the potential for uITO to induce sensitization and using lymphocyte proliferation as a biomarker of exposure, and demonstrate the potential for uITO to penetrate both intact and breached skin. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the indium industry. To date, there remains no clear understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). Pulmonary toxicity studies in rats and mice have demonstrated the development of mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia and granulomas of mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues following exposure to indium tin oxide. Given the association between exposure to other metals and the development of immune-mediated diseases, these studies were undertaken to begin to investigate the immuno-modulatory potential of unsintered indium tin oxide (uITO) in a mouse model. Using modifications of the local lymph node assay, BALB/c mice (five animals/group) were exposed topically via intact or breached skin or injected intradermally at the base of the ear pinnae with either vehicle or increasing concentrations 2.5-10% uITO (90:10 indium oxide/tin oxide, particle size <50 nm). Dose-responsive increases in lymphocyte proliferation were observed with a calculated EC3 of 4.7% for the intact skin study. Phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells following intradermal injection with 5% uITO yielded a profile consistent with a T-cell-mediated response. These studies demonstrate the potential for uITO to induce sensitization and using lymphocyte proliferation as a biomarker of exposure, and demonstrate the potential for uITO to penetrate both intact and breached skin. In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the indium industry. To date, there remains no clear understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). Pulmonary toxicity studies in rats and mice have demonstrated the development of mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia and granulomas of mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues following exposure to indium tin oxide. Given the association between exposure to other metals and the development of immune-mediated diseases, these studies were undertaken to begin to investigate the immuno-modulatory potential of unsintered indium tin oxide (uITO) in a mouse model. Using modifications of the local lymph node assay, BALB/c mice (five animals/group) were exposed topically via intact or breached skin or injected intradermally at the base of the ear pinnae with either vehicle or increasing concentrations 2.5-10% uITO (90:10 indium oxide/tin oxide, particle size <50 nm). Dose-responsive increases in lymphocyte proliferation were observed with a calculated EC3 of 4.7% for the intact skin study. Phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells following intradermal injection with 5% uITO yielded a profile consistent with a T-cell-mediated response. These studies demonstrate the potential for uITO to induce sensitization and using lymphocyte proliferation as a biomarker of exposure, and demonstrate the potential for uITO to penetrate both intact and breached skin. |
Author | Long, Carrie Jean Meade, B. Brock, Kristie Anderson, Stacey E. Lukomska, Ewa Anderson, Katie Marshall, Nikki |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Case Western University, ARC Veterinary Services, Cleveland, OH, USA 2 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Case Western University, ARC Veterinary Services, Cleveland, OH, USA – name: 2 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kristie surname: Brock fullname: Brock, Kristie email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: Case Western University, ARC Veterinary Services – sequence: 2 givenname: Stacey E. surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, Stacey E. email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – sequence: 3 givenname: Ewa surname: Lukomska fullname: Lukomska, Ewa email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – sequence: 4 givenname: Carrie surname: Long fullname: Long, Carrie email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – sequence: 5 givenname: Katie surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, Katie email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – sequence: 6 givenname: Nikki surname: Marshall fullname: Marshall, Nikki email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – sequence: 7 givenname: B. surname: Jean Meade fullname: Jean Meade, B. email: sanderson4@cdc.gov, sanderson4@cdc.gov organization: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
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Snippet | Abstract
In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the... In recent years, several types of pulmonary pathology, including alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema, have been reported in workers in the indium... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cells, Cultured Dermis - drug effects Dermis - pathology Female Fibrosis Humans Immune stimulation Immunity, Cellular - drug effects Immunization immunotoxicity Indium - toxicity Industry Lung - pathology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Models, Animal Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - chemically induced Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - immunology Pulmonary Emphysema - chemically induced Pulmonary Emphysema - immunology T-Lymphocytes - immunology Tin Compounds - toxicity unsintered indium tin oxide |
Title | Immune stimulation following dermal exposure to unsintered indium tin oxide |
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