Reperfusion Is Delayed Beyond Guideline Recommendations in Patients Requiring Interhospital Helicopter Transfer for Treatment of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

• Published in: Annals of emergency medicine Vol. 57; no. 3; pp. 213 - 220.e1
• Main Authors: McMullan, Jason T., Hinckley, William, Bentley, Jared, Davis, Todd, Fermann, Gregory J., Gunderman, Matthew, Hart, Kimberly Ward, Knight, William A., Lindsell, Christopher J., Shackleford, April, Gibler, W. Brian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01.03.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Air Ambulances - statistics & numerical data; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - statistics & numerical data; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiology. Vascular system; Coronary heart disease; Emergency; Female; Guideline Adherence; Heart; Humans; Intensive care medicine; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - drug therapy; Myocardial Infarction - therapy; Myocardial Reperfusion - adverse effects; Patient Transfer - statistics & numerical data; Retrospective Studies; Thrombolytic Therapy - statistics & numerical data; Time Factors; Human; Myocardial infarction; ST elevation; Helicopter; Intensive care; Reperfusion; Treatment; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial disease; Recommendation; Resuscitation
• ISSN: 0196-0644; 1097-6760; 1097-6760
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.08.031

Early reperfusion portends better outcomes for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. This investigation estimates the proportions of STEMI patients transported by a hospital-based helicopter emergency medical services (EMS) system who meet the goals of 90-minute door-to-balloon time for percutaneous coronary intervention or 30-minute door-to-needle time for fibrinolysis. This was a multicenter, retrospective chart review of STEMI patients flown by a hospital-based helicopter service in 2007. Included patients were transferred from an emergency department (ED) to a cardiac catheterization laboratory for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention. Out-of-hospital, ED, and inpatient records were reviewed to determine door-to-balloon time and door-to-needle time. Data were abstracted with a priori definitions and criteria. There were 179 subjects from 16 referring and 6 receiving hospitals. Mean age was 58 years, 68% were men, and 86% were white. One hundred forty subjects were transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention, of whom 29 had no intervention during catheterization. For subjects with intervention, door-to-balloon time exceeded 90 minutes in 107 of 111 cases (97%). Median door-to-balloon time was 131 minutes (interquartile range 114 to 158 minutes). Thirty-nine subjects (21%) received fibrinolytics before transfer, and 19 of 39 (49%) received fibrinolytics within 30 minutes. Median door-to-needle time was 31 minutes (interquartile range 23 to 45 minutes). In this study, STEMI patients presenting to non–percutaneous coronary intervention facilities who are transferred to a percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospital by helicopter EMS do not commonly receive fibrinolysis and rarely achieve percutaneous coronary intervention within 90 minutes. In similar settings, primary fibrinolysis should be considered while strategies to reduce the time required for subsequent interventional care are explored.