MicroRNA biogenesis: regulating the regulators

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21-24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a large fraction of protein-coding genes are under miRNA control, production of the appropriate level of specific miRNAs at the right time and...

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Published inCritical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 51 - 68
Main Authors Finnegan, Emily F., Pasquinelli, Amy E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Informa Healthcare 01.01.2013
Taylor & Francis
Subjects
Animals
Argonaute
Argonaute Proteins - metabolism
Dicer
Drosha
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
mirtron
Ribonuclease III - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21-24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a large fraction of protein-coding genes are under miRNA control, production of the appropriate level of specific miRNAs at the right time and in the right place is integral to most gene regulatory pathways. MiRNA biogenesis initiates with transcription, followed by multiple processing steps to produce the mature miRNA. Every step of miRNA production is subject to regulation and disruption of these control mechanisms has been linked to numerous human diseases, where the balance between the expression of miRNAs and their targets becomes distorted. Here we review the basic steps of miRNA biogenesis and describe the various factors that control miRNA transcription, processing, and stability in animal cells. The tremendous effort put into producing the appropriate type and level of specific miRNAs underscores the critical role of these small RNAs in gene regulation.
AbstractList MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21–24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a large fraction of protein-coding genes are under miRNA control, production of the appropriate level of specific miRNAs at the right time and in the right place is integral to most gene regulatory pathways. MiRNA biogenesis initiates with transcription, followed by multiple processing steps to produce the mature miRNA. Every step of miRNA production is subject to regulation and disruption of these control mechanisms has been linked to numerous human diseases, where the balance between the expression of miRNAs and their targets becomes distorted. Here we review the basic steps of miRNA biogenesis and describe the various factors that control miRNA transcription, processing and stability in animal cells. The tremendous effort put into producing the appropriate type and level of specific miRNAs underscores the critical role of these small RNAs in gene regulation.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21-24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a large fraction of protein-coding genes are under miRNA control, production of the appropriate level of specific miRNAs at the right time and in the right place is integral to most gene regulatory pathways. MiRNA biogenesis initiates with transcription, followed by multiple processing steps to produce the mature miRNA. Every step of miRNA production is subject to regulation and disruption of these control mechanisms has been linked to numerous human diseases, where the balance between the expression of miRNAs and their targets becomes distorted. Here we review the basic steps of miRNA biogenesis and describe the various factors that control miRNA transcription, processing, and stability in animal cells. The tremendous effort put into producing the appropriate type and level of specific miRNAs underscores the critical role of these small RNAs in gene regulation.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21-24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a large fraction of protein-coding genes are under miRNA control, production of the appropriate level of specific miRNAs at the right time and in the right place is integral to most gene regulatory pathways. MiRNA biogenesis initiates with transcription, followed by multiple processing steps to produce the mature miRNA. Every step of miRNA production is subject to regulation and disruption of these control mechanisms has been linked to numerous human diseases, where the balance between the expression of miRNAs and their targets becomes distorted. Here we review the basic steps of miRNA biogenesis and describe the various factors that control miRNA transcription, processing, and stability in animal cells. The tremendous effort put into producing the appropriate type and level of specific miRNAs underscores the critical role of these small RNAs in gene regulation.
Author Pasquinelli, Amy E.
Finnegan, Emily F.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Emily F.
  surname: Finnegan
  fullname: Finnegan, Emily F.
  email: apasquinelli@ucsd.edu, apasquinelli@ucsd.edu
  organization: Division of Biology, University of California
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Amy E.
  surname: Pasquinelli
  fullname: Pasquinelli, Amy E.
  email: apasquinelli@ucsd.edu, apasquinelli@ucsd.edu
  organization: Division of Biology, University of California
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163351$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21-24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as 21–24 nucleotide guide RNAs that use partial base-pairing to recognize target messenger RNAs and repress their expression. As a...
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StartPage 51
SubjectTerms Animals
Argonaute
Argonaute Proteins - metabolism
Dicer
Drosha
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
mirtron
Ribonuclease III - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Title MicroRNA biogenesis: regulating the regulators
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10409238.2012.738643
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23163351
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1282516520
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3557704
Volume 48
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