"Benefit of the Doubt": African-American Civil War Veterans and Pensions
Laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently. Black veterans were were less likely to apply for pensions during the program's early years. Yet, no matter when they applied, they encou...
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| Published in | The Journal of interdisciplinary history Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 377 - 399 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently. Black veterans were were less likely to apply for pensions during the program's early years. Yet, no matter when they applied, they encountered two stages of bias, first from examining physicians and then, far more systematically, from Pension Bureau reviewers. The evidence suggests that pension income reduced mortality among African-American verterans, underscoring the tangible results of justice denied. |
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| AbstractList | Laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently. Black veterans were were less likely to apply for pensions during the program's early years. Yet, no matter when they applied, they encountered two stages of bias, first from examining physicians and then, far more systematically, from Pension Bureau reviewers. The evidence suggests that pension income reduced mortality among African-American verterans, underscoring the tangible results of justice denied. A reading of Civil War pension statutes and lawmakers' pronouncements suggests a federal military-benefit system that was color-blind. Pension laws rarely mention race, and a Congressional committee saw "no reason why the heirs of colored soldiers should not be put on the same footing as to bounty and pensions as the heirs of white soldiers, and many reasons why they should." Nearly 200,000 African Americans served in the Union armed forces, and statements such as these would have raised hopes of equal treatment for black survivors and their heirs. Adapted from the source document. Laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently. Black veterans were less likely to apply for pensions during the program's early years. Yet, no matter when they applied, they encountered two stages of bias, first from examining physicians and then, far more systematically, from Pension Bureau reviewers. The evidence suggests that pension income reduced mortality among African-American veterans, underscoring the tangible results of justice denied. The laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently. Black veterans were less likely to apply for pensions during the program's early years. However, no matter when they applied, they encountered two stages of bias, first from examining physicians and then, far more systematically, from Pension Bureau reviewers. The evidence suggests that pension income reduced mortality among African-American veterans, underscoring the tangible results of the justice denied. Here, Logue and Blanck examine the ultimate questions whether African Americans were discouraged from applying for pensions in the first place; whether, considering the importance of other characteristics, race swayed pension awards; and whether black veterans shared in any health benefits from Civil War pensions. |
| Author | Blanck, Peter Logue, Larry M. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/3349953 10.2307/1886098 10.1080/01615440209601207 10.1080/01615440.1995.9956366 10.1006/exeh.1993.1018 10.1017/S0022050706000386 |
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| Copyright | Copyright 2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Inc. Copyright © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Inc. Copyright MIT Press Journals Winter 2008 |
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| References | Song Blanck (p_15) 2001 p_28 p_24 p_47 Chen Song Blanck (p_10) 2004 p_26 Larry (p_1) 1992 Blanck (p_18) 2001 p_31 Ewbank Douglas (p_37) 1987 Porter McCumber Speech (p_55) 1907 |
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| Snippet | Laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system differently.... The laws that provided pensions for Union army veterans were putatively color-blind, but whites and African Americans experienced the pension system... A reading of Civil War pension statutes and lawmakers' pronouncements suggests a federal military-benefit system that was color-blind. Pension laws rarely... |
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| SubjectTerms | African Americans American Civil War Civil War Civil wars Disabilities Disability law Disability pensions Former slaves Military pensions Military Personnel Mortality Pensions Racial discrimination Soldiers Statutes United States of America Veterans Veterans benefits Victims |
| Title | "Benefit of the Doubt": African-American Civil War Veterans and Pensions |
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