The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences

Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as over...

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Published inTrends in ecology & evolution (Amsterdam) Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 167 - 180
Main Authors Barry, Kathryn E., Mommer, Liesje, van Ruijven, Jasper, Wirth, Christian, Wright, Alexandra J., Bai, Yongfei, Connolly, John, De Deyn, Gerlinde B., de Kroon, Hans, Isbell, Forest, Milcu, Alexandru, Roscher, Christiane, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Weigelt, Alexandra
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2019
Elsevier
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Abstract Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., ‘complementarity effect’). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss. Complementarity is currently used as both a cause for enhanced ecosystem functioning and a consequence of some community process. Using complementarity as a cause and a consequence makes it difficult to disentangle individual causes such as resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks. There is strong evidence that resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks occur in grassland systems but there is little evidence that explicitly ties them to the consequence of enhanced ecosystem functioning. Interactions between resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks may make the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship stronger. Ecological gradients such as stress, enemies, and resources may allow us to disentangle the contributions of resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks to enhanced ecosystem functioning.
AbstractList Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., ‘complementarity effect’). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., ‘complementarity effect’). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss. Complementarity is currently used as both a cause for enhanced ecosystem functioning and a consequence of some community process. Using complementarity as a cause and a consequence makes it difficult to disentangle individual causes such as resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks. There is strong evidence that resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks occur in grassland systems but there is little evidence that explicitly ties them to the consequence of enhanced ecosystem functioning. Interactions between resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks may make the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship stronger. Ecological gradients such as stress, enemies, and resources may allow us to disentangle the contributions of resource partitioning, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedbacks to enhanced ecosystem functioning.
Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., 'complementarity effect'). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common explanation for these positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Yet, complementarity is often indirectly quantified as overperformance in mixture relative to monoculture (e.g., 'complementarity effect'). This overperformance is then attributed to the intuitive idea of complementarity or, more specifically, to species resource partitioning. Locally, however, several unassociated causes may drive this overperformance. Here, we differentiate complementarity into three types of species differences that may cause enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse ecosystems: (i) resource partitioning, (ii) abiotic facilitation, and (iii) biotic feedbacks. We argue that disentangling these three causes is crucial for predicting the response of ecosystems to future biodiversity loss.
Author Wright, Alexandra J.
Barry, Kathryn E.
van Ruijven, Jasper
Weigelt, Alexandra
Milcu, Alexandru
Wirth, Christian
Connolly, John
De Deyn, Gerlinde B.
de Kroon, Hans
Isbell, Forest
Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
Bai, Yongfei
Mommer, Liesje
Roscher, Christiane
Schmid, Bernhard
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-6893-6479
  surname: Barry
  fullname: Barry, Kathryn E.
  email: kathryn.barry@idiv.de
  organization: Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
– sequence: 2
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  surname: Mommer
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  surname: Wright
  fullname: Wright, Alexandra J.
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  givenname: Yongfei
  surname: Bai
  fullname: Bai, Yongfei
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– sequence: 7
  givenname: John
  surname: Connolly
  fullname: Connolly, John
  organization: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ecological and Environmental Modelling Group, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Gerlinde B.
  surname: De Deyn
  fullname: De Deyn, Gerlinde B.
  organization: Soil Biology and Biological Soil Quality Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Hans
  surname: de Kroon
  fullname: de Kroon, Hans
  organization: Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Forest
  surname: Isbell
  fullname: Isbell, Forest
  organization: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Alexandru
  surname: Milcu
  fullname: Milcu, Alexandru
  organization: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Ecotron (UPS-3248), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Christiane
  surname: Roscher
  fullname: Roscher, Christiane
  organization: Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Scherer-Lorenzen
  fullname: Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
  organization: Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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  surname: Schmid
  fullname: Schmid, Bernhard
  organization: Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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  surname: Weigelt
  fullname: Weigelt, Alexandra
  organization: Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30527960$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://hal.science/hal-02405545$$DView record in HAL
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Issue 2
Keywords Stress amelioration
Biotic feedbacks
Complementarity
Resource tracers
Abiotic facilitation
Plant-soil feedback
Complementarity effect
Ecosystem functioning
Biodiversity
Resource partitioning
Language English
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Snippet Evidence suggests that biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. Complementarity is one common...
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SubjectTerms Abiotic facilitation
Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Ecology
Biomass
Biotic feedbacks
Complementarity
Complementarity effect
Ecosystem
Ecosystem functioning
ecosystems
Environmental Sciences
Feedback
interspecific variation
Plant-soil feedback
prediction
Resource partitioning
Resource tracers
Stress amelioration
Title The Future of Complementarity: Disentangling Causes from Consequences
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30527960
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Volume 34
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