Nutritional composition of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds

BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry‐weight ba...

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Published inJournal of the science of food and agriculture Vol. 92; no. 6; pp. 1171 - 1177
Main Authors Chouaibi, Moncef, Mahfoudhi, Nesrine, Rezig, Leila, Donsì, Francesco, Ferrari, Giovanna, Hamdi, Salem
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.04.2012
Wiley
John Wiley and Sons, Limited
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ISSN0022-5142
1097-0010
1097-0010
DOI10.1002/jsfa.4659

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry‐weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β‐Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g−1). This oil was rich in Δ7‐campestrol and β‐sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g−1 oil), respectively. CONCLUSION: Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
AbstractList BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry‐weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β‐Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g −1 ). This oil was rich in Δ7‐campestrol and β‐sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g −1 oil), respectively. CONCLUSION: Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry-weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g(-1) ). This oil was rich in Δ7-campestrol and β-sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g(-1) oil), respectively. Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries.
BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry‐weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β‐Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g−1). This oil was rich in Δ7‐campestrol and β‐sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g−1 oil), respectively. CONCLUSION: Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries.
Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry-weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g...). This oil was rich in ...7-campestrol and β-sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g... oil), respectively. Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS: The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry‐weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β‐Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g−1). This oil was rich in Δ7‐campestrol and β‐sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g−1 oil), respectively. CONCLUSION: Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds.BACKGROUNDZizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds.The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry-weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g(-1) ). This oil was rich in Δ7-campestrol and β-sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g(-1) oil), respectively.RESULTSThe percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry-weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g(-1) ). This oil was rich in Δ7-campestrol and β-sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g(-1) oil), respectively.Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries.CONCLUSIONZizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries.
Author Donsì, Francesco
Ferrari, Giovanna
Rezig, Leila
Chouaibi, Moncef
Mahfoudhi, Nesrine
Hamdi, Salem
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  givenname: Moncef
  surname: Chouaibi
  fullname: Chouaibi, Moncef
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  givenname: Nesrine
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  givenname: Leila
  surname: Rezig
  fullname: Rezig, Leila
  organization: Food Preservation Laboratory, High Institute of Food Industry, Elkhadra City, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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  givenname: Francesco
  surname: Donsì
  fullname: Donsì, Francesco
  organization: Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, University of Salerno, Salerno 84084, Italy
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  givenname: Giovanna
  surname: Ferrari
  fullname: Ferrari, Giovanna
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  givenname: Salem
  surname: Hamdi
  fullname: Hamdi, Salem
  organization: Food Preservation Laboratory, High Institute of Food Industry, Elkhadra City, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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Issue 6
Keywords Seeds
Oil
Zizyphus lotus Mill
Physical parameter
fatty acid composition
Chemical composition
thermal profile
Profile
chemical and physical parameters
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.
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PublicationDate April 2012
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2012-04-01
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  year: 2012
  text: April 2012
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Chichester, UK
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PublicationTitle Journal of the science of food and agriculture
PublicationTitleAlternate J. Sci. Food Agric
PublicationYear 2012
Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Wiley
John Wiley and Sons, Limited
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– name: John Wiley and Sons, Limited
References Hafidi A, Pioch D and Ajana H, Membrane- based simultaneous degumming and deacidification of vegetable oils. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 6: 203-212 (2005).
Ntanios F, Plant sterol-ester-enriched spreads as an example of a new functional food. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 103: 102-106 (2001).
Souleles C and Shammas G, Flavonoids from the leaves of Zizyphus jujuba. Fitoterapia 59: 154-156 (1998).
AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis (16th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC (1995).
Noureddini H, Teoh BC and Davis Clements L, Densities of vegetable oils and fatty acids. J Am Oil Chem Soc 69: 1184-1188 (1992).
Kirtiker KR and Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants. Latif Mahan Basu, Allahabad, India (1984).
Guderjan M, Töpfl S, Angersbach A and Knorr D, Impact of pulsed electric field treatment on the recovery and quality of plant oils. J Food Eng 67: 281-287 (2005).
Nyam KL, Tan CP, Lai OM, Long K and Che Man YB, Physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of selected seed oils. Food Sci Technol 42: 1396-1403 (2009).
Neff WE, Mounts TL, Rinsch WM and Konishi H, Photooxidation of soybean oils as affected by triacyglycerol composition and structure. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71: 163-168 (1993).
Kallio H, Yang B, Peippo P, Thavonen R and Pan R, Triacyglycerols, glycerophospholipids, tocopherols and tocotrienols in berries and seeds of two subspecies (ssp. Sinensis and mongolica) of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides). J Agric Food Chem 50: 3004-3009 (2002).
FAO, Food Energy: Methods of Analysis and Conversion Factors. Report of a Technical Workshop. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77, Rome, Italy (2003).
Villa B, Calbresi L, Chiesa G, Rise P, Galli C and Sirtori C, Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters increase heart rate variability in patients with coronary disease. Pharmacol Res 45: 475-478 (2002).
Kim HS, Effects of the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the lipid components in hyperlipidemic rats. J Food Sci Nutr 7: 72-77 (2002).
Sokol RJ, Vitamin E, in Present Knowledge in Nutrition, ed. by Zeigler EE and Filer J. ILSI Press, Washington, DC, pp. 130-136 (1996).
Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D and Bagga J, Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology 58: 283-288 (2001).
Bruckert E, Les phytosterols, place dans la prise en charge du patient hyperlipidémique. OCL 8: 312-316 (2001).
Stuchílk M and Žak S, Vegetable lipids as compounds of functional foods. Biomed Pap 146: 3-10 (2002).
FAO/WHO/UNU, Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Reports Series 724. WHO, Geneva, pp. 133-138 (1981).
AOCS, Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils and Fats by HPLC. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp. 8-89 (1993).
Salvador MD, Aranda F, Gómez-Alonso S and Fregapane G, Cornicabra virgin olive oil: a study of five crop seasons. Composition, quality and oxidative stability. Food Chem 74: 267-274 (2001).
Huang WK, Food Testing and Analysis. Light Industry Press, China (1989).
Neff WE, Mounts TL, Rinsch WM, Konishi H and Agaimy EI, Triacylglycerols with altered fatty acid compositions as affected by triacylglycerol composition and structure. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71: 1101-1109 (1994).
Ennouri M, Bourret E, Mondolot L and Attia H, Fatty acid composition and rheological behaviour of prickly pear seed oils. Food Chem 93: 431-437 (2005).
Fatnassi S, Nehdi IE and Zarrouk H, Chemical composition and profile characteristics of Osage orange Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider seed and seed oil. Ind Crops Prod 29: 1-8 (2009).
Codex Alimentarius Commission (1st edn), Recommended Internal Standards Edible Fats and Oils, Vol. XI. FAO/WHO, Rome (1982).
Quisumbing E, Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katho,, Quezon City, Philippines (1978).
Lindley J, Flora Medica. Ajay Book Service, New Delhi, India (1981).
FAO/WHO, Protein Quality Evaluation. Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1991).
Karlesind A and Wolff JP, Manuel des Corps Gras. AFECG, Lavoisier (1992).
Ahmed MK, Daun JK and Przybylski R, FT-IR based methodology for quantification of total tocopherols, tocotreinols and plastochromanol-8 in vegetable oils. J Food Compos Anal 18: 359-364 (2005).
Szydlowska-Czerniak A, Dianoczki C, Recseg K, Karlovits Gy and Szlyk E, Determination of antioxidant capacities of vegetable oils by ferric-ion spectrophotometric methods. Talanta 76: 899-905 (2008).
Adzu B, Amos S, Dzarma S, Wambebe C and Gamaniel K, Effect of Zizyphus spina-christi Willd aqueous extract on the central nervous system in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 13-16 (2002).
Hargrove RL, Etherton TD, Pearson TA, Harisson EH and Kris-Etherton PM, Low-fat and high-monounsaturated fat diets decrease human low-density lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility in vitro. Nutrition 131: 1758-1763 (2001).
Borgi W, Recio MC, Rios JL and Chouchane N, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of flavonoid and saponin fractions from Zizyphus lotus L. root barks. South Afr J Bot 78: 16-19 (2007).
MacWillian LD, Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements. Northern Dimensions Publishing, Vernon, British Columbia, pp. 31-32 (2005).
Borgi W, Ghedira K and Chouchane N, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Zizyphus lotus L. root barks. Fitoterapia 78: 16-19 (2007).
Osborne CG, McTyre RB, Dudek J, Roche KE, Scheuplein R, Silverstein B, et al, Evidence for the relationship of calcium to blood pressure. Nutr Rev 54: 365-381 (1996).
AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (18th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Gaithersburg, MD (2005).
AOCS, Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists' Society. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL (1997).
Nehdi I, Characteristics, chemical composition and utilization of Albizia julibrissin seed oil. Ind Crops Prod 33: 30-34 (2011).
Galla NR and Dubasi GR, Chemical and functional characterization of Gum karaya (Sterculia urens L.). Food Hydrocolloids 24: 479-485 (2010).
2009; 42
2002; 50
2002; 79
2002; 7
1998
1997
2011; 33
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2008; 76
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2003
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1991
2002
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1996; 54
2001; 103
2005; 67
1978
2009; 29
1998; 59
2001; 131
2010; 24
1993; 71
2002; 45
2002; 146
2001; 8
1987
1984
2005; 6
1983
1982
1992; 69
1981
2005; 93
2001; 58
1994; 71
2005; 18
2001; 74
1989
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Huang WK (e_1_2_6_15_2) 1989
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Przybylski R (e_1_2_6_41_2) 2002
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References_xml – reference: AOCS, Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils and Fats by HPLC. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp. 8-89 (1993).
– reference: Noureddini H, Teoh BC and Davis Clements L, Densities of vegetable oils and fatty acids. J Am Oil Chem Soc 69: 1184-1188 (1992).
– reference: Osborne CG, McTyre RB, Dudek J, Roche KE, Scheuplein R, Silverstein B, et al, Evidence for the relationship of calcium to blood pressure. Nutr Rev 54: 365-381 (1996).
– reference: Neff WE, Mounts TL, Rinsch WM and Konishi H, Photooxidation of soybean oils as affected by triacyglycerol composition and structure. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71: 163-168 (1993).
– reference: FAO, Food Energy: Methods of Analysis and Conversion Factors. Report of a Technical Workshop. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77, Rome, Italy (2003).
– reference: Huang WK, Food Testing and Analysis. Light Industry Press, China (1989).
– reference: Sokol RJ, Vitamin E, in Present Knowledge in Nutrition, ed. by Zeigler EE and Filer J. ILSI Press, Washington, DC, pp. 130-136 (1996).
– reference: Hafidi A, Pioch D and Ajana H, Membrane- based simultaneous degumming and deacidification of vegetable oils. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 6: 203-212 (2005).
– reference: Kim HS, Effects of the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the lipid components in hyperlipidemic rats. J Food Sci Nutr 7: 72-77 (2002).
– reference: Bruckert E, Les phytosterols, place dans la prise en charge du patient hyperlipidémique. OCL 8: 312-316 (2001).
– reference: MacWillian LD, Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements. Northern Dimensions Publishing, Vernon, British Columbia, pp. 31-32 (2005).
– reference: Borgi W, Recio MC, Rios JL and Chouchane N, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of flavonoid and saponin fractions from Zizyphus lotus L. root barks. South Afr J Bot 78: 16-19 (2007).
– reference: AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (18th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Gaithersburg, MD (2005).
– reference: Ahmed MK, Daun JK and Przybylski R, FT-IR based methodology for quantification of total tocopherols, tocotreinols and plastochromanol-8 in vegetable oils. J Food Compos Anal 18: 359-364 (2005).
– reference: Karlesind A and Wolff JP, Manuel des Corps Gras. AFECG, Lavoisier (1992).
– reference: AOCS, Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists' Society. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL (1997).
– reference: FAO/WHO/UNU, Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Reports Series 724. WHO, Geneva, pp. 133-138 (1981).
– reference: Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D and Bagga J, Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology 58: 283-288 (2001).
– reference: Souleles C and Shammas G, Flavonoids from the leaves of Zizyphus jujuba. Fitoterapia 59: 154-156 (1998).
– reference: Galla NR and Dubasi GR, Chemical and functional characterization of Gum karaya (Sterculia urens L.). Food Hydrocolloids 24: 479-485 (2010).
– reference: Lindley J, Flora Medica. Ajay Book Service, New Delhi, India (1981).
– reference: Kirtiker KR and Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants. Latif Mahan Basu, Allahabad, India (1984).
– reference: Nyam KL, Tan CP, Lai OM, Long K and Che Man YB, Physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of selected seed oils. Food Sci Technol 42: 1396-1403 (2009).
– reference: Stuchílk M and Žak S, Vegetable lipids as compounds of functional foods. Biomed Pap 146: 3-10 (2002).
– reference: Fatnassi S, Nehdi IE and Zarrouk H, Chemical composition and profile characteristics of Osage orange Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider seed and seed oil. Ind Crops Prod 29: 1-8 (2009).
– reference: Neff WE, Mounts TL, Rinsch WM, Konishi H and Agaimy EI, Triacylglycerols with altered fatty acid compositions as affected by triacylglycerol composition and structure. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71: 1101-1109 (1994).
– reference: Ntanios F, Plant sterol-ester-enriched spreads as an example of a new functional food. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 103: 102-106 (2001).
– reference: Nehdi I, Characteristics, chemical composition and utilization of Albizia julibrissin seed oil. Ind Crops Prod 33: 30-34 (2011).
– reference: Ennouri M, Bourret E, Mondolot L and Attia H, Fatty acid composition and rheological behaviour of prickly pear seed oils. Food Chem 93: 431-437 (2005).
– reference: Codex Alimentarius Commission (1st edn), Recommended Internal Standards Edible Fats and Oils, Vol. XI. FAO/WHO, Rome (1982).
– reference: AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis (16th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC (1995).
– reference: FAO/WHO, Protein Quality Evaluation. Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1991).
– reference: Adzu B, Amos S, Dzarma S, Wambebe C and Gamaniel K, Effect of Zizyphus spina-christi Willd aqueous extract on the central nervous system in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 13-16 (2002).
– reference: Hargrove RL, Etherton TD, Pearson TA, Harisson EH and Kris-Etherton PM, Low-fat and high-monounsaturated fat diets decrease human low-density lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility in vitro. Nutrition 131: 1758-1763 (2001).
– reference: Villa B, Calbresi L, Chiesa G, Rise P, Galli C and Sirtori C, Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters increase heart rate variability in patients with coronary disease. Pharmacol Res 45: 475-478 (2002).
– reference: Kallio H, Yang B, Peippo P, Thavonen R and Pan R, Triacyglycerols, glycerophospholipids, tocopherols and tocotrienols in berries and seeds of two subspecies (ssp. Sinensis and mongolica) of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides). J Agric Food Chem 50: 3004-3009 (2002).
– reference: Szydlowska-Czerniak A, Dianoczki C, Recseg K, Karlovits Gy and Szlyk E, Determination of antioxidant capacities of vegetable oils by ferric-ion spectrophotometric methods. Talanta 76: 899-905 (2008).
– reference: Quisumbing E, Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katho,, Quezon City, Philippines (1978).
– reference: Guderjan M, Töpfl S, Angersbach A and Knorr D, Impact of pulsed electric field treatment on the recovery and quality of plant oils. J Food Eng 67: 281-287 (2005).
– reference: Borgi W, Ghedira K and Chouchane N, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Zizyphus lotus L. root barks. Fitoterapia 78: 16-19 (2007).
– reference: Salvador MD, Aranda F, Gómez-Alonso S and Fregapane G, Cornicabra virgin olive oil: a study of five crop seasons. Composition, quality and oxidative stability. Food Chem 74: 267-274 (2001).
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  publication-title: Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol
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  year: 2010
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  article-title: Chemical and functional characterization of Gum karaya ( L.)
  publication-title: Food Hydrocolloids
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  publication-title: Urology
– volume: 74
  start-page: 267
  year: 2001
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  article-title: virgin olive oil: a study of five crop seasons. Composition, quality and oxidative stability
  publication-title: Food Chem
– volume: 29
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  year: 2009
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  article-title: Chemical composition and profile characteristics of Osage orange (Rafin.) Schneider seed and seed oil
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  article-title: Les phytosterols, place dans la prise en charge du patient hyperlipidémique
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  article-title: Plant sterol‐ester‐enriched spreads as an example of a new functional food
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Snippet BACKGROUND: Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics...
Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would...
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SubjectTerms analysis
aspartic acid
bioactive properties
Biological and medical sciences
calcium
chemical and physical parameters
chemistry
cosmetics
Fat industries
fatty acid composition
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids - analysis
Food industries
Food science
foods
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
glutamic acid
glycerol
Humans
industry
leucine
magnesium
Micronutrients
Micronutrients - analysis
minerals
Nutritive Value
oil
oleic acid
physicochemical properties
Plant Oils
Plant Oils - chemistry
Plant Proteins
Plant Proteins - analysis
potassium
Proteins
seed oils
Seeds
Seeds - chemistry
thermal profile
Vegetable oils
vegetable protein
Ziziphus
Ziziphus - chemistry
Zizyphus lotus Mill. seeds
Title Nutritional composition of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-JKRZGQP0-V/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjsfa.4659
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22095748
https://www.proquest.com/docview/954767337
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1400129231
https://www.proquest.com/docview/929507849
Volume 92
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