Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology Vol. 28; no. 5; pp. 561 - 578
• Main Authors: Darbre, Philippa D., Harvey, Philip W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.07.2008; Wiley
• Subjects: absorption; androgen; Androgen Antagonists - toxicity; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; breast cancer; carcinogenesis; cosmetics; Dermatology; Domestic and cosmetic products toxicology; endocrine disruption; Endocrine Disruptors - toxicity; Endocrine System Diseases - chemically induced; Endocrine System Diseases - epidemiology; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects; Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data; esterase; Esterases - metabolism; Esters - toxicity; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal - toxicity; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Legislation, Drug; male reproductive disorders; Mammary gland diseases; Medical sciences; melanoma; Mutagens - toxicity; oestrogen; paraben; Parabens - analysis; Parabens - pharmacokinetics; Parabens - toxicity; Receptors, Estrogen - drug effects; Risk Assessment; skin; Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced; Skin Neoplasms - epidemiology; Toxicology; Tumors; Tumors of the skin and soft tissue. Premalignant lesions; Cosmetic; oestrogen; Breast disease; Endocrine gland; Toxicity; Male; Esterases; Review; Carcinogenesis; cosmetics; endocrine disruption; Ester; Reproduction; Absorption; Malignant melanoma; esterase; Public health; paraben; Human; Androgen; Enzyme; male reproductive disorders; melanoma; Breast cancer; Exposure; Endocrine disruptor; Malignant tumor; Mammary gland diseases; Hydrolases; Skin; Sex steroid hormone; Discussion; Endocrinology; Bibliographic review; Cancer

This toxicology update reviews research over the past four years since publication in 2004 of the first measurement of intact esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in human breast cancer tissues, and the suggestion that their presence in the human body might originate from topical application o...