The early release of planned movement by acoustic startle can be delayed by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex
Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative ‘go’ cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the ea...
Saved in:
| Published in | The Journal of physiology Vol. 590; no. 4; pp. 919 - 936 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2012
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Blackwell Science Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative ‘go’ cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by shorter pathways that pass through the brainstem instead of via the primary motor cortex. Here we show that the application of high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, a method that suppresses the excitability of the motor cortex and blocks voluntary drive, caused a significant delay in the onset of SAS‐released movements. These findings provide evidence that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated, in part, by pathways that pass through the primary motor cortex.
Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co‐expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed‐delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMSCT), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS‐evoked response time (TMSSAS), or (4) TMSSAS and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMSCT prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at −200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMSSAS and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co-expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed-delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMS(CT)), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS-evoked response time (TMS(SAS)), or (4) TMS(SAS) and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMS(CT) prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at -200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMS(SAS) and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. Non-technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative 'go' cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by shorter pathways that pass through the brainstem instead of via the primary motor cortex. Here we show that the application of high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, a method that suppresses the excitability of the motor cortex and blocks voluntary drive, caused a significant delay in the onset of SAS-released movements. These findings provide evidence that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated, in part, by pathways that pass through the primary motor cortex. Abstract Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co-expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed-delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMSCT), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS-evoked response time (TMSSAS), or (4) TMSSAS and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMSCT prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P< 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at -200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P< 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMSSAS and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative ‘go’ cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by shorter pathways that pass through the brainstem instead of via the primary motor cortex. Here we show that the application of high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, a method that suppresses the excitability of the motor cortex and blocks voluntary drive, caused a significant delay in the onset of SAS‐released movements. These findings provide evidence that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated, in part, by pathways that pass through the primary motor cortex. Abstract Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co‐expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed‐delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMS CT ), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS‐evoked response time (TMS SAS ), or (4) TMS SAS and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMS CT prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times ( P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at −200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed ( P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMS SAS and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative ‘go’ cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by shorter pathways that pass through the brainstem instead of via the primary motor cortex. Here we show that the application of high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, a method that suppresses the excitability of the motor cortex and blocks voluntary drive, caused a significant delay in the onset of SAS‐released movements. These findings provide evidence that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated, in part, by pathways that pass through the primary motor cortex. Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co‐expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed‐delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMSCT), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS‐evoked response time (TMSSAS), or (4) TMSSAS and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMSCT prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at −200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMSSAS and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co-expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed-delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMS(CT)), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS-evoked response time (TMS(SAS)), or (4) TMS(SAS) and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMS(CT) prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at -200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMS(SAS) and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex.Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co-expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed-delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMS(CT)), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS-evoked response time (TMS(SAS)), or (4) TMS(SAS) and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMS(CT) prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P < 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 ± 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at -200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 ± 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P < 0.001, average delay = 35.0 ± 12.9 ms) when TMS(SAS) and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. Non-technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative 'go' cue. Based on the short latency of these reaction times, it has been suggested that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by shorter pathways that pass through the brainstem instead of via the primary motor cortex. Here we show that the application of high intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, a method that suppresses the excitability of the motor cortex and blocks voluntary drive, caused a significant delay in the onset of SAS-released movements. These findings provide evidence that the early release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated, in part, by pathways that pass through the primary motor cortex. Abstract Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or coincident with, the imperative signal to initiate movement. Based on the short latency of the onset of muscle activity (typically in less than 90 ms) and the frequent co-expression of startle responses in the neck and eye muscles, it has been proposed that the release of planned movements by a SAS is mediated by subcortical, possibly brainstem, pathways. However, a role for cortical structures in mediating these responses cannot be ruled out based on timing arguments alone. We examined the role of the cortex in the mediation of these responses by testing if a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex, which suppresses voluntary drive and is known to delay movement initiation, could delay the release of movement by a SAS. Eight subjects performed an instructed-delay task requiring them to make a ballistic wrist movement to a target in response to an acoustic tone (control task condition). In a subset of trials subjects received one of the following: (1) suprathreshold TMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex 70 ms prior to their mean response time on control trials (TMSCT), (2) SAS 200 ms prior to the go cue (SAS), (3) suprathreshold TMS 70 ms prior to the mean SAS-evoked response time (TMSSAS), or (4) TMSSAS and SAS presented concurrently (TMS+SAS). Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The application of TMSCT prior to control voluntary movements produced a significant delay in movement onset times (P< 0.001) (average delay = 37.7 +/- 12.8 ms). The presentation of a SAS alone at -200 ms resulted in the release of the planned movement an average of 71.7 +/- 2.7 ms after the startling stimulus. The early release of movement by a SAS was significantly delayed (P< 0.001, average delay = 35.0 +/- 12.9 ms) when TMSSAS and SAS were presented concurrently. This delay could not be explained by a prolonged suppression of motor unit activity at the spinal level. These findings provide evidence that the release of targeted ballistic wrist movements by SAS is mediated, in part, by a fast conducting transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex. |
| Author | MacKinnon, Colum D. Alibiglou, Laila |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Laila surname: Alibiglou fullname: Alibiglou, Laila – sequence: 2 givenname: Colum D. surname: MacKinnon fullname: MacKinnon, Colum D. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22124142$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkkuPFCEUhYkZ4_SM_gNjSFzoplouUA9cmJiJz0yii94Tmro1TYcqWqBHa-0fl7Gnjc5C3UAI3zncezln5GQKExLyGNgSAMSL7W4zJxf8kjOAJQdVK36PLEA2qmpbJU7IgjHOK9HWcErOUtoyBoIp9YCccg5cguQL8n21QYom-plG9GgS0jDQnTfThD0dwzWOOGW6nqmxYZ-yszRlE7NHas1E10h79GYubEFyNFOyZXHG09FcTXjg3bj3Jrsw0eIXaS5PjiGHSG2IGb89JPcH4xM-ut3Pyertm9XF--ry07sPF68vK1tDx6t1a43Avq-Rm6Exsh-6DnsAbozCwQ4MlbSDtF2vgDVN04mmZ0z1TTnURohz8upgu9uvR-xt6Ssar3fRjSbOOhin_7yZ3EZfhWstRAcCVDF4dmsQw5c9pqxHlyz6Miwss9GK87bhUDeFfP5XEgQXrSqfJAv69A66Dfs4lTloqGUtJFctL9ST32v_VfTxIwvw8gDYGFKKOGjr8s-Zl1ac18D0TWr0MTX6JjX6kJoilnfER_9_yNRB9tV5nP9Lo1cfP8uuaH8AwK3eZw |
| CODEN | JPHYA7 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2014_05_024 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_2948_13_2014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2014_05_025 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2014_00398 crossref_primary_10_1097_WNP_0000000000000582 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2016_03_009 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0107731 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_13752 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_12540 crossref_primary_10_1088_1741_2552_ac19d3 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_01119_2011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_017_5134_x crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2013_254581 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_016_4795_1 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00216_2016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2022_12_005 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnint_2015_00002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2015_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2012_02_052 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_13827 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_391349 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00888_2012 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00694_2018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actpsy_2013_08_005 crossref_primary_10_14814_phy2_12025 crossref_primary_10_14814_phy2_12300 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207144_2018_1396120 crossref_primary_10_1097_WNR_0000000000001175 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0063417 crossref_primary_10_1111_apha_12627 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_50460_1 crossref_primary_10_14814_phy2_12509 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_01111_2011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2016_09_010 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00567_2016 crossref_primary_10_3233_RNN_160655 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bandl_2018_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2015_01_028 crossref_primary_10_1111_psyp_14267 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_020_05797_9 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00505_2019 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00766_2012 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0195689 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2015_08_014 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0201301 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_023_06666_x crossref_primary_10_1044_2022_JSLHR_21_00486 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00866_2012 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00644_2020 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_015_4237_5 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_01157_2011 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_02825_8 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00510_2018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2013_12_102 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_14973 crossref_primary_10_1152_jn_00591_2014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_015_4340_7 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0122064 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnsys_2014_00190 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_014_4074_y crossref_primary_10_1044_2023_AJSLP_22_00296 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2014_03_041 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_013_3670_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apergo_2017_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_471792 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2016_07_010 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2014_01082 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s00221-004-1849-6 10.1152/jn.00491.2009 10.1016/0304-3940(94)11790-P 10.1016/0168-5597(93)90098-A 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90464-V 10.1037/h0035437 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00289.x 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0931u.x 10.1007/PL00005724 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00200-X 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.003 10.1016/0165-0173(96)00004-5 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90064-2 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019094 10.1016/S1567-424X(09)70071-6 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90011-L 10.1152/jn.00852.2002 10.1152/jn.00005.2010 10.1037/a0022567 10.1007/s00221-004-1956-4 10.1007/s002210050878 10.1016/j.neures.2004.08.002 10.1016/S0013-4694(96)95190-5 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0892-09.2009 10.1007/s002210050640 10.1093/brain/112.3.649 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90048-G 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199809)21:9<1209::AID-MUS15>3.0.CO;2-M 10.1038/nn1592 10.3200/JMBR.36.3.253-264 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.013 10.1007/s00221-006-0610-8 10.1002/mds.10054 10.1152/jn.01189.2003 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0591t.x 10.1007/s00221-004-1924-z 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01062-1 10.1007/s00221-006-0659-4 10.1126/science.274.5286.427 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.076 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00443-0 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.135749 10.1007/s00221-009-1725-5 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019732 10.1007/BF00230207 10.1152/jn.00878.2007 10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.389 10.1007/s00221-007-0959-3 10.1212/WNL.44.5.884 10.1007/s00221-005-2332-8 10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0 10.1007/s00221-005-0156-1 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00095-4 10.1152/jn.01136.2006 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015155 10.1007/s00221-003-1809-6 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2012 The Journal of Physiology © 2012 The Physiological Society 2012 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2012 The Physiological Society 2012 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2012 The Journal of Physiology © 2012 The Physiological Society – notice: 2012 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2012 The Physiological Society 2012 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QP 7QR 7TK 7TS 8FD FR3 P64 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.219592 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Physical Education Index Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Technology Research Database Chemoreception Abstracts Engineering Research Database Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Physical Education Index Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Technology Research Database CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic Neurosciences Abstracts |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Anatomy & Physiology |
| EISSN | 1469-7793 |
| EndPage | 936 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC3381319 3374414831 22124142 10_1113_jphysiol_2011_219592 TJP4892 |
| Genre | article Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- -DZ -~X .3N .55 .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 0YM 10A 123 18M 1OB 1OC 24P 29L 2WC 31~ 33P 36B 3EH 3O- 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5RE 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAFWJ AAHHS AAHQN AAIPD AAMNL AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAYJJ AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABITZ ABIVO ABJNI ABOCM ABPPZ ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACCFJ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFO ACGFS ACGOF ACIWK ACMXC ACNCT ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEEZP AEGXH AEIGN AEIMD AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFEBI AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFWVQ AFZJQ AHBTC AI. AIACR AIAGR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB AOIJS ATUGU AZBYB AZVAB BAFTC BAWUL BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BY8 C1A C45 CAG CHEAL COF CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DIK DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM E3Z EBS EJD EMOBN EX3 F00 F01 F04 F5P FA8 FIJ FUBAC G-S G.N GODZA GX1 H.X H13 HF~ HGLYW HZI HZ~ H~9 IHE IPNFZ IX1 J0M K48 KBYEO LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MVM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NEJ NF~ O66 O9- OHT OIG OK1 OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K RIG ROL RPM RX1 SAMSI SUPJJ TEORI TLM TN5 TR2 UB1 UKR UPT V8K VH1 W8F W8V W99 WBKPD WH7 WHG WIH WIJ WIK WIN WNSPC WOHZO WOQ WOW WQJ WRC WXI WXSBR WYISQ X7M XG1 XOL YBU YHG YKV YQT YSK YXB YYP YZZ ZGI ZXP ZZTAW ~IA ~WT AAYXX AEYWJ AGYGG CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QP 7QR 7TK 7TS 8FD FR3 P64 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c5182-b7ca3edd5e2af6a4df88ed112aa9efcf0e94cf4c8d910666836d009d60665a33 |
| IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
| ISSN | 0022-3751 1469-7793 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:20:27 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 01:39:36 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 16:07:07 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 12:18:08 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:49:07 EST 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:51:01 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:29:03 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:47:42 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Language | English |
| License | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5182-b7ca3edd5e2af6a4df88ed112aa9efcf0e94cf4c8d910666836d009d60665a33 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3381319 |
| PMID | 22124142 |
| PQID | 1545342972 |
| PQPubID | 1086388 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3381319 proquest_miscellaneous_922762156 proquest_miscellaneous_1323797934 proquest_journals_1545342972 pubmed_primary_22124142 crossref_citationtrail_10_1113_jphysiol_2011_219592 crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2011_219592 wiley_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2011_219592_TJP4892 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | February 2012 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2012 text: February 2012 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: England – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | The Journal of physiology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Physiol |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Blackwell Science Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc – name: Blackwell Science Inc |
| References | 2002; 17 1997; 115 1997; 755 1991; 14 1989; 112 2007; 181 2007; 583 2010; 103 1992; 449 2009; 194 1999; 124 1998; 80 1999; 128 2008; 187 1996; 101 1973; 80 2011; 125 1997; 744 2007; 176 2007; 177 1995; 21 2004b; 36 2010; 1322 2006; 169 2001; 535 2003; 89 1992; 85 2010; 31 1993; 89 2011 2010 1984; 349 2006; 58 2006; 9 2004a; 159 1991; 81 1994; 44 2000; 111 1993; 466 2007; 97 1998; 21 1995; 195 2009; 29 2004; 155 2004; 50 2004; 159 2004; 92 2004; 157 2011; 106 2005; 165 1993; 94 2009; 101 2011; 1416 1996; 274 1999; 517 1993; 156 1999; 516 e_1_2_6_51_1 e_1_2_6_53_1 e_1_2_6_32_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 e_1_2_6_19_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_59_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_55_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_57_1 e_1_2_6_43_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 e_1_2_6_41_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_49_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_45_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 e_1_2_6_47_1 e_1_2_6_52_1 e_1_2_6_54_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_50_1 e_1_2_6_35_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_33_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_39_1 e_1_2_6_56_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_37_1 e_1_2_6_58_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_40_1 Fisher KM (e_1_2_6_14_1) 2010 e_1_2_6_8_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_48_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_29_1 e_1_2_6_44_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_46_1 16623334 - Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;58:223-31 8359263 - Exp Brain Res. 1993;94(3):489-98 21525376 - J Neurophysiol. 2011 Aug;106(2):915-24 17487477 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Aug;181(4):627-37 15221165 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Dec;159(3):284-300 9175886 - Brain Res. 1997 May 2;755(2):181-92 11507178 - J Physiol. 2001 Aug 15;535(Pt 1):289-300 20138165 - Brain Res. 2010 Mar 31;1322:38-49 8410704 - J Physiol. 1993 Jul;466:521-34 10656526 - Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;111(1):178-83 14968278 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Jul;157(1):1-9 19913429 - Gait Posture. 2010 Feb;31(2):185-90 8806018 - Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995 Nov;21(3):301-14 6737294 - J Physiol. 1984 Apr;349:249-72 9030410 - Brain Res. 1997 Jan 2;744(1):32-40 1709536 - Trends Neurosci. 1991 Mar;14(3):87-91 9658059 - J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jul;80(1):389-405 15480608 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Dec;159(3):301-9 9703450 - Muscle Nerve. 1998 Sep;21(9):1209-12 7688683 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Aug;89(4):211-20 19221724 - Exp Brain Res. 2009 Apr;194(3):477-88 8832893 - Science. 1996 Oct 18;274(5286):427-30 16273394 - Exp Brain Res. 2006 Mar;169(3):427-32 15262622 - J Mot Behav. 2004 Sep;36(3):253-64 2731025 - Brain. 1989 Jun;112 ( Pt 3):649-63 21280935 - Behav Neurosci. 2011 Apr;125(2):226-40 9020824 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1996 Dec;101(6):511-9 10090656 - Exp Brain Res. 1999 Feb;124(4):447-54 10541749 - Exp Brain Res. 1999 Oct;128(4):539-42 16944110 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Feb;177(1):129-36 4757060 - Psychol Rev. 1973 Nov;80(6):489-509 16311591 - Nat Neurosci. 2006 Jan;9(1):26-7 15567480 - Neurosci Res. 2004 Dec;50(4):427-36 1714819 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Aug;81(4):257-62 7478277 - Neurosci Lett. 1995 Aug 4;195(2):97-100 19005006 - J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jan;101(1):306-14 8190292 - Neurology. 1994 May;44(5):884-91 15942734 - Exp Brain Res. 2005 Sep;165(4):541-8 14997258 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Apr;155(4):527-31 1522516 - J Physiol. 1992 Apr;449:429-40 12612038 - J Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr;89(4):1857-63 8414181 - Neurosci Lett. 1993 Jun 25;156(1-2):167-71 15175364 - J Neurophysiol. 2004 Oct;92(4):2217-38 16874516 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Jan;176(2):199-205 1282453 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Dec;85(6):355-64 17460098 - J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jun;97(6):4368-79 20457863 - J Neurophysiol. 2010 May;103(5):2821-32 18458890 - Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jun;187(4):497-507 11068236 - Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Nov;111(11):2008-13 9262209 - Exp Brain Res. 1997 Jul;115(3):541-5 21907332 - Brain Res. 2011 Oct 6;1416:35-43 10332104 - J Physiol. 1999 Jun 1;517 ( Pt 2):591-7 11836749 - Mov Disord. 2002;17 Suppl 2:S27-9 17656435 - J Physiol. 2007 Sep 15;583(Pt 3):971-82 19846713 - J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 21;29(42):13255-63 10200438 - J Physiol. 1999 May 1;516 ( Pt 3):931-8 |
| References_xml | – year: 2011 – volume: 1322 start-page: 38 year: 2010 end-page: 49 article-title: Motor preparation is modulated by the resolution of the response timing information publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 349 start-page: 249 year: 1984 end-page: 272 article-title: Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long‐latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 101 start-page: 511 year: 1996 end-page: 519 article-title: A comparison of computer‐based methods for the determination of onset of muscle contraction using electromyography publication-title: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 106 start-page: 915 year: 2011 end-page: 924 article-title: Postural preparation prior to stepping in patients with Parkinson's disease publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 111 start-page: 178 year: 2000 end-page: 183 article-title: The human hand motor area is transiently suppressed by an unexpected auditory stimulus publication-title: Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 165 start-page: 541 year: 2005 end-page: 548 article-title: Startle‐induced reaction time shortening is not modified by prepulse inhibition publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 101 start-page: 306 year: 2009 end-page: 314 article-title: Differential effects of startle on reaction time for finger and arm movements publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 169 start-page: 427 year: 2006 end-page: 432 article-title: Excitability of the pathways mediating the startle reaction before execution of a voluntary movement publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 583 start-page: 971 year: 2007 end-page: 982 article-title: Short interval intracortical inhibition and facilitation during the silent period in human publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 128 start-page: 539 year: 1999 end-page: 542 article-title: Mechanism of the silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Evidence from epidural recordings publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 124 start-page: 447 year: 1999 end-page: 454 article-title: Complete suppression of voluntary motor drive during the silent period after transcranial magnetic stimulation publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 89 start-page: 1857 year: 2003 end-page: 1863 article-title: Altered triggering of a prepared movement by a startling stimulus publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 14 start-page: 87 year: 1991 end-page: 91 article-title: The human stretch reflex and the motor cortex publication-title: Trends Neurosci – volume: 58 start-page: 223 year: 2006 end-page: 231 article-title: The startle reflex, voluntary movement, and the reticulospinal tract publication-title: Suppl Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 9 start-page: 26 year: 2006 end-page: 27 article-title: Sensorimotor attenuation by central motor command signals in the absence of movement publication-title: Nat Neurosci – volume: 31 start-page: 185 year: 2010 end-page: 190 article-title: Speeding up gait initiation and gait‐pattern with a startling stimulus publication-title: Gait Posture – volume: 80 start-page: 489 year: 1973 end-page: 509 article-title: Intersensory facilitation of reaction time: energy summation or preparation enhancement? publication-title: Psychol Rev – volume: 176 start-page: 199 year: 2007 end-page: 205 article-title: Startle produces early response latencies that are distinct from stimulus intensity effects publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 159 start-page: 301 year: 2004a end-page: 309 article-title: Can prepared responses be stored subcortically? publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 44 start-page: 884 year: 1994 end-page: 891 article-title: Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. I. Shortening of simple reaction time with focal, single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation publication-title: Neurology – volume: 81 start-page: 257 year: 1991 end-page: 262 article-title: Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation publication-title: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 94 start-page: 489 year: 1993 end-page: 498 article-title: On the origin of the postexcitatory inhibition seen after transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in awake human subjects publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 466 start-page: 521 year: 1993 end-page: 534 article-title: Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 177 start-page: 129 year: 2007 end-page: 136 article-title: A startle speeds up the execution of externally guided saccades publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 535 start-page: 289 year: 2001 end-page: 300 article-title: Startle response of human neck muscles sculpted by readiness to perform ballistic head movements publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 17 start-page: S27 issue: Suppl 2 year: 2002 end-page: 29 article-title: Role of brainstem‐spinal projections in voluntary movement publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 159 start-page: 284 year: 2004 end-page: 300 article-title: Movement‐related and preparatory activity in the reticulospinal system of the monkey publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 1416 start-page: 35 year: 2011 end-page: 43 article-title: Does the movement matter? Determinants of the latency of temporally urgent motor reactions publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 181 start-page: 627 year: 2007 end-page: 637 article-title: Parallels in control of voluntary and perturbation‐evoked reach‐to‐grasp movements: EMG and kinematics publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 516 start-page: 931 year: 1999 end-page: 938 article-title: Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 36 start-page: 253 year: 2004b end-page: 264 article-title: Prepared movements are elicited early by startle publication-title: J Mot Behav – volume: 187 start-page: 497 year: 2008 end-page: 507 article-title: Interaction between startle and voluntary reactions in humans publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 274 start-page: 427 year: 1996 end-page: 430 article-title: Neural control of voluntary movement initiation publication-title: Science – volume: 29 start-page: 13255 year: 2009 end-page: 13263 article-title: The differential role of motor cortex in stretch reflex modulation induced by changes in environmental mechanics and verbal instruction publication-title: J Neurosci – volume: 115 start-page: 541 year: 1997 end-page: 545 article-title: Shortening of simple reaction time by peripheral electrical and submotor‐threshold magnetic cortical stimulation publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 157 start-page: 1 year: 2004 end-page: 9 article-title: Effects of combined cortical and acoustic stimuli on muscle activity publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 85 start-page: 355 year: 1992 end-page: 364 article-title: Human motor evoked responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli publication-title: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 755 start-page: 181 year: 1997 end-page: 192 article-title: Motor cortex involvement during choice reaction time: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in man publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 21 start-page: 301 year: 1995 end-page: 314 article-title: The acoustic startle reflex: neurons and connections publication-title: Brain Res Brain Res Rev – year: 2010 – volume: 112 start-page: 649 year: 1989 end-page: 663 article-title: Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical or magnetic brain stimulation in intact man. Evidence for the storage of motor programs in the brain publication-title: Brain – volume: 21 start-page: 1209 year: 1998 end-page: 1212 article-title: Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia publication-title: Muscle Nerve – volume: 195 start-page: 97 year: 1995 end-page: 100 article-title: Reaction time and acoustic startle in normal human subjects publication-title: Neurosci Lett – volume: 156 start-page: 167 year: 1993 end-page: 171 article-title: Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms contribute to the silent period in the contracting soleus muscle after transcranial magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex publication-title: Neurosci Lett – volume: 517 start-page: 591 year: 1999 end-page: 597 article-title: Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 111 start-page: 2008 year: 2000 end-page: 2013 article-title: The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on reaction time in progressive supranuclear palsy publication-title: Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 103 start-page: 2821 year: 2010 end-page: 2832 article-title: Convergence of pyramidal and medial brain stem descending pathways onto macaque cervical spinal interneurons publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 89 start-page: 211 year: 1993 end-page: 220 article-title: Physiological basis of voluntary activity inhibition induced by transcranial cortical stimulation publication-title: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 155 start-page: 527 year: 2004 end-page: 531 article-title: The effects of a startle on awareness of action publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 194 start-page: 477 year: 2009 end-page: 488 article-title: The effect of temporal accuracy constraints on movement‐related potentials publication-title: Exp Brain Res – volume: 80 start-page: 389 year: 1998 end-page: 405 article-title: Corticoreticular pathways in the cat. I. Projection patterns and collaterization publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 744 start-page: 32 year: 1997 end-page: 40 article-title: Delay in simple reaction time after focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain occurs at the final motor output stage publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 97 start-page: 4368 year: 2007 end-page: 4379 article-title: Preparation of anticipatory postural adjustments prior to stepping publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 50 start-page: 427 year: 2004 end-page: 436 article-title: Two different effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the human motor cortex during the pre‐movement period publication-title: Neurosci Res – volume: 449 start-page: 429 year: 1992 end-page: 440 article-title: Evidence that a long latency stretch reflex in humans is transcortical publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 125 start-page: 226 year: 2011 end-page: 240 article-title: Motor preparation and the effects of practice: evidence from startle publication-title: Behav Neurosci – volume: 92 start-page: 2217 year: 2004 end-page: 2238 article-title: Independent and convergent signals from the pontomedullary reticular formation contribute to the control of posture and movement during reaching in the cat publication-title: J Neurophysiol – ident: e_1_2_6_41_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-1849-6 – ident: e_1_2_6_35_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.00491.2009 – ident: e_1_2_6_54_1 doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)11790-P – ident: e_1_2_6_49_1 doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(93)90098-A – ident: e_1_2_6_58_1 doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90464-V – ident: e_1_2_6_31_1 doi: 10.1037/h0035437 – ident: e_1_2_6_45_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00289.x – ident: e_1_2_6_53_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0931u.x – ident: e_1_2_6_47_1 doi: 10.1007/PL00005724 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00200-X – ident: e_1_2_6_34_1 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.003 – ident: e_1_2_6_57_1 doi: 10.1016/0165-0173(96)00004-5 – ident: e_1_2_6_28_1 doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90064-2 – ident: e_1_2_6_32_1 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019094 – ident: e_1_2_6_39_1 doi: 10.1016/S1567-424X(09)70071-6 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90011-L – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.00852.2002 – ident: e_1_2_6_36_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.00005.2010 – ident: e_1_2_6_27_1 doi: 10.1037/a0022567 – ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-1956-4 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.1007/s002210050878 – ident: e_1_2_6_20_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.08.002 – ident: e_1_2_6_21_1 doi: 10.1016/S0013-4694(96)95190-5 – ident: e_1_2_6_42_1 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0892-09.2009 – ident: e_1_2_6_48_1 doi: 10.1007/s002210050640 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1093/brain/112.3.649 – ident: e_1_2_6_52_1 doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90048-G – ident: e_1_2_6_44_1 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199809)21:9<1209::AID-MUS15>3.0.CO;2-M – ident: e_1_2_6_55_1 doi: 10.1038/nn1592 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 doi: 10.3200/JMBR.36.3.253-264 – ident: e_1_2_6_25_1 doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.013 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0610-8 – ident: e_1_2_6_40_1 doi: 10.1002/mds.10054 – ident: e_1_2_6_43_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.01189.2003 – volume-title: 2010 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_6_56_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0591t.x – ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-1924-z – ident: e_1_2_6_59_1 doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01062-1 – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0659-4 – ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 doi: 10.1126/science.274.5286.427 – ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.076 – ident: e_1_2_6_29_1 doi: 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00443-0 – ident: e_1_2_6_30_1 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.135749 – ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-1725-5 – ident: e_1_2_6_22_1 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019732 – ident: e_1_2_6_37_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00230207 – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.00878.2007 – ident: e_1_2_6_23_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.389 – ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-0959-3 – ident: e_1_2_6_33_1 doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.5.884 – ident: e_1_2_6_46_1 – ident: e_1_2_6_50_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2332-8 – ident: e_1_2_6_51_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0 – ident: e_1_2_6_24_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-0156-1 – ident: e_1_2_6_38_1 doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00095-4 – ident: e_1_2_6_26_1 doi: 10.1152/jn.01136.2006 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015155 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 doi: 10.1007/s00221-003-1809-6 – reference: 2731025 - Brain. 1989 Jun;112 ( Pt 3):649-63 – reference: 8832893 - Science. 1996 Oct 18;274(5286):427-30 – reference: 10090656 - Exp Brain Res. 1999 Feb;124(4):447-54 – reference: 8410704 - J Physiol. 1993 Jul;466:521-34 – reference: 9703450 - Muscle Nerve. 1998 Sep;21(9):1209-12 – reference: 11068236 - Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Nov;111(11):2008-13 – reference: 12612038 - J Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr;89(4):1857-63 – reference: 9658059 - J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jul;80(1):389-405 – reference: 14968278 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Jul;157(1):1-9 – reference: 1522516 - J Physiol. 1992 Apr;449:429-40 – reference: 9262209 - Exp Brain Res. 1997 Jul;115(3):541-5 – reference: 14997258 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Apr;155(4):527-31 – reference: 9020824 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1996 Dec;101(6):511-9 – reference: 9175886 - Brain Res. 1997 May 2;755(2):181-92 – reference: 1282453 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Dec;85(6):355-64 – reference: 15221165 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Dec;159(3):284-300 – reference: 7478277 - Neurosci Lett. 1995 Aug 4;195(2):97-100 – reference: 15942734 - Exp Brain Res. 2005 Sep;165(4):541-8 – reference: 1714819 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Aug;81(4):257-62 – reference: 11507178 - J Physiol. 2001 Aug 15;535(Pt 1):289-300 – reference: 19846713 - J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 21;29(42):13255-63 – reference: 6737294 - J Physiol. 1984 Apr;349:249-72 – reference: 18458890 - Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jun;187(4):497-507 – reference: 17656435 - J Physiol. 2007 Sep 15;583(Pt 3):971-82 – reference: 17460098 - J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jun;97(6):4368-79 – reference: 20457863 - J Neurophysiol. 2010 May;103(5):2821-32 – reference: 17487477 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Aug;181(4):627-37 – reference: 21907332 - Brain Res. 2011 Oct 6;1416:35-43 – reference: 16273394 - Exp Brain Res. 2006 Mar;169(3):427-32 – reference: 16623334 - Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;58:223-31 – reference: 19221724 - Exp Brain Res. 2009 Apr;194(3):477-88 – reference: 19005006 - J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jan;101(1):306-14 – reference: 9030410 - Brain Res. 1997 Jan 2;744(1):32-40 – reference: 10332104 - J Physiol. 1999 Jun 1;517 ( Pt 2):591-7 – reference: 10200438 - J Physiol. 1999 May 1;516 ( Pt 3):931-8 – reference: 8359263 - Exp Brain Res. 1993;94(3):489-98 – reference: 4757060 - Psychol Rev. 1973 Nov;80(6):489-509 – reference: 15175364 - J Neurophysiol. 2004 Oct;92(4):2217-38 – reference: 16874516 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Jan;176(2):199-205 – reference: 16311591 - Nat Neurosci. 2006 Jan;9(1):26-7 – reference: 7688683 - Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Aug;89(4):211-20 – reference: 15480608 - Exp Brain Res. 2004 Dec;159(3):301-9 – reference: 10541749 - Exp Brain Res. 1999 Oct;128(4):539-42 – reference: 11836749 - Mov Disord. 2002;17 Suppl 2:S27-9 – reference: 15262622 - J Mot Behav. 2004 Sep;36(3):253-64 – reference: 15567480 - Neurosci Res. 2004 Dec;50(4):427-36 – reference: 16944110 - Exp Brain Res. 2007 Feb;177(1):129-36 – reference: 8806018 - Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995 Nov;21(3):301-14 – reference: 8414181 - Neurosci Lett. 1993 Jun 25;156(1-2):167-71 – reference: 21280935 - Behav Neurosci. 2011 Apr;125(2):226-40 – reference: 1709536 - Trends Neurosci. 1991 Mar;14(3):87-91 – reference: 19913429 - Gait Posture. 2010 Feb;31(2):185-90 – reference: 21525376 - J Neurophysiol. 2011 Aug;106(2):915-24 – reference: 10656526 - Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;111(1):178-83 – reference: 20138165 - Brain Res. 2010 Mar 31;1322:38-49 – reference: 8190292 - Neurology. 1994 May;44(5):884-91 |
| SSID | ssj0013099 |
| Score | 2.3247237 |
| Snippet | Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately... Non‐technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately... Previous studies have shown that preplanned movements can be rapidly released when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately prior to, or... Non-technical summary Reaction times of planned movements can be reduced to less than 100 ms when a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented immediately... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref wiley |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 919 |
| SubjectTerms | Acoustic Stimulation Adult Electromyography Female Humans Male Motor Cortex - physiology Movement - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Neuroscience: Behavioural/Systems/Cognitive Reflex, Startle - physiology Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Wrist - physiology Young Adult |
| Title | The early release of planned movement by acoustic startle can be delayed by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2011.219592 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22124142 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1545342972 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1323797934 https://www.proquest.com/docview/922762156 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3381319 |
| Volume | 590 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELaqnrjwKo9AqQYJcUvZ2E4cHyvEqqoEqtAi9RY5fiyFblItqcRy5Y8zEyeBpSAQXPawHnvX9njmm2T8DWPPgtMq8yqk3IoilYGr1PCCNkSHUgkdlKT7zq_fFMfv5MlZfrbD5uNdmMgPMT1wo5PR22s64KYeqpBkRDbwoQ_924tIw8mJJIVMMaVtETZ6y7-_TJhpPZGGqzwbbtDhMC9-Nci2h7oGO69nT_6Ianu3NL_FluOEYjbKx8Orrj60X37ievz_Gd9mNwfkCkdR1e6wHd_cZXtHDUbtqw08h9PYrV1u9thX1D7wxJ0MVJQFPSW0AS6pQJJ3sGp7kvIO6g2gQe7riQGi1DXqLeBWQ-2ByCs3KIsiHblTix94VGBllo2P8uerofQYUBoqIJLFkbt2DZYSiD_fY4v5q8XL43Qo95DaHKOctFbWCO9c7rkJhZEulKV3iAeN0T7YMPNa2iBt6RDiYNRVisIhQnQUguVGiPtst2kb_5BBlntZ6pnNAjpfY3NUu-BzkwftHOLXkDAx7nBlByp0qshxUcWQSFTjUle01FVc6oSlU6_LSAXyB_n9UXmqwTB8qgixCsQACpufTs14pOk9jWk8rnmVCS6URsMpEwa_kdGcoxvD4DthD6I6Tv-JIxqRmcQfUFuKOgkQo_h2S3P-vmcWF4jf0CYnjPd6-FfTrBYnp7ja_NG_dHrMbuC3PKbB77Pdbn3lnyDK6-qD_gwf9I_fvgG7E1K9 |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELaqcoALr_IIFDAS4paysZ04PlaIspS2qtAi9WY5frSFblItqcRy5Y8zEyeBpSAQ4rIXj521PY9vEvsbQp4Fp2TmZUiZ5UUqApOpYQVuiAql5CpIgfed9w-K6Xuxe5QfrZHXw12YyA8xvnBDy-j8NRo4vpDurRzZBj50uX9zFnk4GbKkgC--gsW9u9zqHfv-OWGi1EgbLvOsv0MH47z41SirMeoS8Lx8fvJHXNsFpp0b5GSYUjyP8nHroq227Jef2B7_w5xvkus9eKXbUdtukTVf3yYb2zUk7vMlfU4PY7fmeLlBvoICUo_0yRTrskCwpE2g51gjyTs6bzqe8pZWSwo-uSspRgGoLkB1Kew2rTxF_solyIJIixHVwg9YC52b49pH-dN5X32M4klUCmAWRm6bBbV4hvjzHTLbeTV7OU37ig-pzSHRSStpDffO5Z6ZUBjhQll6B5DQGOWDDROvhA3Clg5QDiReJS8cgESHWVhuOL9L1uum9vcJzXIvSjWxWYD4a2wOmhd8bvKgnAMIGxLChy3WtmdDx6IcZzpmRVwPS61xqXVc6oSkY6_zyAbyB_nNQXt07xs-aQStHGCAhOanYzNYNX6qMbWHNdcZZ1wq8J0iIfQ3MooxiGSQfyfkXtTH8T8xACQiE_AAuaKpowCSiq-21KcnHbk4BwgHbjkhrFPEv5qmnu0ewmqzB__S6Qm5Op3t7-m9NwdvH5JrIMHiqfhNst4uLvwjAH1t9bgz6G-mslXI |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELaqIiEuvMojUMBIiFvKxnbi-FhRVqVAtUKL1Jvl9WMpdJPVkkosV_44M3ESWAoCwWUvHjtrex7fJPY3hDwJTsnMy5Ayy4tUBCZTwwrcEBVKyVWQAu87vzkuDt-Jo5P8ZIuM-7swkR9ieOGGltH6azTwpQudkSPZwIc29a_PIg0nQ5IUcMWXRDEqUbsP3rLvXxNGSg2s4TLPuit0MM6zX42yGaIu4M6Lxyd_hLVtXBpfI_N-RvE4yse982a2Z7_8RPb4_1O-Tq520JXuR127QbZ8dZPs7FeQti_W9CmdxG71fL1DvoL6UY_kyRSrskCopHWgS6yQ5B1d1C1LeUNnawoeuS0oRgGmrkBxKew1nXmK7JVrkAWRBuOphR-wFbow88pH-dNFV3uM4jlUClAWRm7qFbV4gvjzLTIdv5g-P0y7eg-pzSHNSWfSGu6dyz0zoTDChbL0DgChMcoHG0ZeCRuELR1gHEi7Sl44gIgOc7DccH6bbFd15e8SmuVelGpkswDR19gc9C743ORBOQcANiSE9zusbceFjiU5znTMibjul1rjUuu41AlJh17LyAXyB_ndXnl05xk-aYSsHECAhObHQzPYNH6oMZWHNdcZZ1wq8JwiIfQ3MooxiGOQfSfkTlTH4T8xgCMiE_AAuaGogwBSim-2VKfvW2pxDgAOnHJCWKuHfzVNPT2awGqze__S6RG5PDkY69cvj1_dJ1dAgMUj8btku1md-weA-JrZw9acvwGVJlSA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+early+release+of+planned+movement+by+acoustic+startle+can+be+delayed+by+transcranial+magnetic+stimulation+over+the+motor+cortex&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+physiology&rft.au=Alibiglou%2C+Laila&rft.au=MacKinnon%2C+Colum+D&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft.pub=Wiley+Subscription+Services%2C+Inc&rft.issn=0022-3751&rft.eissn=1469-7793&rft.volume=590&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=919&rft_id=info:doi/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2011.219592&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT&rft.externalDocID=3374414831 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0022-3751&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0022-3751&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0022-3751&client=summon |