Effects of lifestyle intervention by a nurse-led app on the prevention of symptoms in postpartum women: a randomized controlled trial
The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervisio...
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| Published in | BMC nursing Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 829 - 12 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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England
BioMed Central Ltd
03.07.2025
BioMed Central BMC |
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| Abstract | The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires.
Participants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038-0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059-0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395-7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091-3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686-7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308-1.681, P = 0.446).
Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention.
The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Background The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention. Methods This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18–45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires. Results Participants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038–0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059–0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395–7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091–3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686–7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308–1.681, P = 0.446). Conclusion Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention. Trial registration The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. Background The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention. Methods This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires. Results Participants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038-0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059-0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395-7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091-3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686-7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308-1.681, P = 0.446). Conclusion Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention. Trial registration The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. Keywords: Women, Nurse-led, App, Postpartum symptoms The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires. Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention. The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention.BACKGROUNDThe incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention.This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires.METHODSThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires.Participants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038-0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059-0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395-7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091-3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686-7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308-1.681, P = 0.446).RESULTSParticipants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038-0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059-0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395-7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091-3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686-7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308-1.681, P = 0.446).Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention.CONCLUSIONOur study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention.The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThe protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18-45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires. Participants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038-0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059-0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395-7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091-3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686-7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308-1.681, P = 0.446). Our study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention. The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. BackgroundThe incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise supervision, in clinical practice is challenging. A nurse-led app through diet supervision, exercise supervision and health education is a promising approach to lifestyle intervention.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of lifestyle intervention through app on postpartum women from January to November 2024. Postpartum women with aged 18–45 years, experiencing a single pregnancy without complications or co-morbidities, able to understand and use basic technologies such as smartphones and mobile apps were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 150 participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group (n = 75) or a control group (n = 75). Due to the nature of the app-based intervention, blinding of participants and research staff was not possible. Occurrence of postpartum constipation, prolonged lochia, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, sleep, fatigue and depression were collected at 42 days postpartum through checking the electronic medical record system or by electronic questionnaires.ResultsParticipants in the experimental and control groups were comparable at baseline. Among the 150 total participants, 61 (81.3%) and 63 (84%) successfully completed this study at 42 days postpartum after randomization. Participants in the intervention group showed the low occurrence of postpartum constipation (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.038–0.857, P = 0.030) and prolonged lochia (OR = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.059–0.823, P = 0.025). Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in sleep (P < 0.001, CI: 2.395–7.640), fatigue (P = 0.038, CI: 0.091–3.258), and depression (P < 0.001, CI: 3.686–7.896). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction between the two groups (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.308–1.681, P = 0.446).ConclusionOur study found that a nurse-led mHealth application lifestyle intervention is effective in preventing postpartum constipation and prolonged lochia, as well as improving postpartum depression, fatigue, and sleep quality. This suggests that combining nursing with digital health technologies in clinical work may improve accessibility and continuity of care. Clinicians can enhance the use of mHealth in their work by providing mHealth education to mothers to compensate for the lack of traditional care in the post-discharge phase. However, due to the limitations of this single-center study with a small sample size, future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore the broader applicability and sustainability of this intervention.Trial registrationThe protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2300077685) on November 16, 2023. |
| ArticleNumber | 829 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Liang, Yulian Wang, Shiying Zhai, Jinguo Tao, Jie Yao, Yongzi Yao, Zheng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yulian surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Yulian – sequence: 2 givenname: Shiying surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Shiying – sequence: 3 givenname: Jie surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Jie – sequence: 4 givenname: Zheng surname: Yao fullname: Yao, Zheng – sequence: 5 givenname: Yongzi surname: Yao fullname: Yao, Yongzi – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinguo surname: Zhai fullname: Zhai, Jinguo |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40611172$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | App Women Postpartum symptoms Nurse-led |
| Language | English |
| License | 2025. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. |
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| Snippet | The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle... Background The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle... BackgroundThe incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum lifestyle... Abstract Background The incidence of postpartum symptoms such as prolonged lochia, constipation, fatigue, and depression remains high. Providing postpartum... |
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| SubjectTerms | App Behavior modification Care and treatment Childbirth & labor Clinical trials Consent Constipation Diet E-health Electronic health records Exercise Fatigue Health aspects Hospitals Intervention Life style Lifestyles Medical records Medical research Mental disorders Mental health Methods Mothers Nurse-led Nursing care Nutrition research Physical fitness Postpartum period Postpartum symptoms Pregnancy Prevention Puerperal disorders Questionnaires Risk factors Technology application Telemedicine Women Womens health |
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| Title | Effects of lifestyle intervention by a nurse-led app on the prevention of symptoms in postpartum women: a randomized controlled trial |
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