Global, regional, and national burden of mental disorders among women of reproductive age, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021

Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. Th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inBMC public health Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 1943 - 15
Main Authors Cheng, Yifan, Zhao, Yutong, Xu, Ziqing, Wang, Shuaibing, Zhu, Jicun, Yang, Qian, Zou, Yuanlin, Li, Tiandong, Liu, Haiyan, Ye, Hua, Shi, Jianxiang, Wang, Kaijuan, Song, Chunhua, Wang, Peng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 26.05.2025
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Age groups
Analysis
Anxiety disorders
Bullying
Care and treatment
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Diagnosis
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Disease
Domestic violence
Eating disorders
Female
Fertility
Global burden
Global Burden of Disease - trends
Global Health - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Infertility
Intimate partner violence
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental Disorders - epidemiology
Mental health
Mental illness
Mentally ill
Middle Aged
Pandemics
Population
Pregnancy, Complications of
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Prevention
Regions
Risk Factors
Schizophrenia
Software
Spatial disparities
Statistical analysis
Trend analysis
Trends
Variation
Victimization
Well being
Women of reproductive age
Womens health
Young Adult
China
Belarus
Greenland
Latin America
Mental disorders
Spatial disparities
Trend analysis
Women of reproductive age
Global burden
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic. The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
AbstractList Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic. The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale.BACKGROUNDWomen of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale.The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors.METHODSThe data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors.In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic.RESULTSIn 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic.The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.CONCLUSIONSThe burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
Abstract Background Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. Methods The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. Results In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic. Conclusions The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
Background Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. Methods The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. Results In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic. Conclusions The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA. Keywords: Mental disorders, Global burden, Women of reproductive age, Trend analysis, Spatial disparities
Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale. The data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. In 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic. The burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
BackgroundWomen of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation. However, research on the burden and trends of mental disorders among WRA remains limited. This study aimed to assess these on a global scale.MethodsThe data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized to analyze the age-standardized prevalence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and annual average percentage change (AAPC) of mental disorders among WRA from 1990 to 2021, examining variations by region, country, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and age group, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors.ResultsIn 2021, there were 343.22 million cases of mental disorders among WRA, with the highest DALYs among all diseases. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden increased, particularly for anxiety and major depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant variations were observed across regions and countries. The different age groups showed different distributions of subtypes. High SDI regions showed the highest burdens, and the AAPC and SDI exhibit different correlation patterns before and during the pandemic. The burden of bullying victimization rose both before and during the pandemic, while intimate partner violence significantly increased during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe burden of mental disorders among WRA remained high from 1990 to 2021, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations exist across regions, countries, age groups, and SDI, indicating a need for the development and adjustment of targeted interventions for WRA.
ArticleNumber 1943
Audience Academic
Author Xu, Ziqing
Wang, Peng
Yang, Qian
Zou, Yuanlin
Shi, Jianxiang
Liu, Haiyan
Ye, Hua
Wang, Shuaibing
Cheng, Yifan
Song, Chunhua
Wang, Kaijuan
Zhu, Jicun
Li, Tiandong
Zhao, Yutong
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yifan
  surname: Cheng
  fullname: Cheng, Yifan
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yutong
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Yutong
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ziqing
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Ziqing
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Shuaibing
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Shuaibing
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Jicun
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Jicun
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Qian
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Qian
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Yuanlin
  surname: Zou
  fullname: Zou, Yuanlin
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Tiandong
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Tiandong
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Haiyan
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Haiyan
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Hua
  surname: Ye
  fullname: Ye, Hua
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Jianxiang
  surname: Shi
  fullname: Shi, Jianxiang
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Kaijuan
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Kaijuan
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Chunhua
  surname: Song
  fullname: Song, Chunhua
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Peng
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Peng
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40420011$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptks9u1DAQxiNURP_AC3BAlrhwaIrHcRKHS1VVUCpV4gJny4nHaVaJvdhJ0fbEO_ASPBdPgrMpZRehOdge__zNjPUdJwfWWUySl0DPAETxNgATokopy1OWQcbT-yfJEfASUsZzcbCzP0yOQ1hRCqXI2bPkkFPO4gmOkp9XvatVf0o8tp2z805ZTawatydST16jJc6QAe0YE7oLLqZ8IGpwtiXf3LDce1x7p6dm7O6QqBZPCVQV_fX9B6MM3hFFwiaMOEThJpZQ_SZ0YX433iJpt03sFItVUAUkYZz0hswKz5OnRvUBXzysJ8mXD-8_X35Mbz5dXV9e3KRNDuWYlpUy2hRMFarSWBtgKBosyoxlFHPMG2VEk5kScQah5IUWulQ5Gs2hFiI7Sa4XXe3USq59Nyi_kU51cptwvpXKxxl6lMJkNUCFSCvFjdF1JrgwhlYFjw0bjFrni9Z6qgfUTfxBr_o90f0b293K1t1JYEBzyMuo8OZBwbuvE4ZRDl1osO-VRTcFmTGYoxJFRF__g67c5ONHb6kiLwA4_Uu1Kk7QWeNi4WYWlReCQ8F5QWfq7D9UDI1D10QXmi7m9x682p30ccQ_RosAW4DGuxA8mkcEqJzdLBc3y-hmuXWzvM9-AwSb6EU
Cites_doi 10.1186/s12889-023-17632-1
10.1016/j.psychres.2004.12.002
10.1080/03630242.2016.1263273
10.1111/famp.12073
10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e2
10.1186/s12905-024-02888-5
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104350
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052339
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.008
10.1017/S1041610219001509
10.1016/j.lana.2023.100470
10.1016/B978-0-12-384978-6.00044-3
10.1371/journal.pone.0308381
10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598746
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<791::AID-SIM500>3.0.CO;2-#
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348
10.3389/phrs.2021.1604234
10.3109/09540261.2010.516427
10.1016/j.midw.2024.103951
10.1111/famp.12291
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22833
10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00933-4
10.1111/joim.12814
10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30059-3
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3664
10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102601
10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8
10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.77
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.018
10.3389/fendo.2024.1433624
10.1017/S0033291723002568
10.1057/s41294-022-00188-1
10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3
10.1177/1090198119873917
10.1016/j.avb.2020.101485
10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0823
10.1542/peds.2024-067808K
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095557
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.009
10.1038/s41398-024-02864-5
10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035055
10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.002
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910
10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30060-9
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x
10.1371/journal.pone.0094026
10.31053/1853.0605.v72.n4.13842
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2025. The Author(s).
COPYRIGHT 2025 BioMed Central Ltd.
2025. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s) 2025 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: 2025. The Author(s).
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 BioMed Central Ltd.
– notice: 2025. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s) 2025 2025
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7T2
7U3
7X7
7XB
88E
8C1
8FE
8FG
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
AN0
ATCPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHHNA
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
L6V
M0S
M1P
M7S
PATMY
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
PYCSY
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1186/s12889-025-23134-z
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)
Social Services Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Public Health Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Materials Science & Engineering
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
British Nursing Database (Proquest)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
Sociological Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Engineering Database
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering collection
Environmental Science Collection
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
Health & Safety Science Abstracts
Social Services Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
British Nursing Index with Full Text
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Sociological Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic



Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Public Health
EISSN 1471-2458
EndPage 15
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_8f3b119ee09a4ffdb3848ff0964021fe
PMC12105157
A841644600
40420011
10_1186_s12889_025_23134_z
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations China
Belarus
Greenland
Latin America
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
– name: Greenland
– name: Latin America
– name: Belarus
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: the Project of Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology of Henan Province
  grantid: 242102311140
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
23N
2WC
2XV
44B
53G
5VS
6J9
6PF
7X7
7XC
88E
8C1
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
AASML
AAWTL
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADUKV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHYZX
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AN0
AOIJS
ATCPS
BAPOH
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFQNJ
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BMC
BNQBC
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAD
EAP
EAS
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
INH
INR
ITC
KQ8
L6V
M1P
M7S
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PATMY
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PYCSY
RBZ
RNS
ROL
RPM
RSV
SMD
SOJ
SV3
TR2
TUS
U2A
UKHRP
W2D
WOQ
WOW
XSB
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
PMFND
3V.
7T2
7U3
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
BHHNA
C1K
COVID
DWQXO
GNUQQ
K9.
M48
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-79afdf62a6a9debf12e8ce673230e5e5caf8c3f7ee9afd1746d8d7a5efd41b883
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 1471-2458
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:29:26 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:37:40 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 17:13:09 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 09:29:16 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:56:04 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 21:07:58 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 01 01:35:37 EDT 2025
Sun Jul 06 05:07:44 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords Mental disorders
Spatial disparities
Trend analysis
Women of reproductive age
Global burden
Language English
License 2025. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c517t-79afdf62a6a9debf12e8ce673230e5e5caf8c3f7ee9afd1746d8d7a5efd41b883
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/8f3b119ee09a4ffdb3848ff0964021fe
PMID 40420011
PQID 3216561140
PQPubID 44782
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_8f3b119ee09a4ffdb3848ff0964021fe
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12105157
proquest_miscellaneous_3212121986
proquest_journals_3216561140
gale_infotracmisc_A841644600
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A841644600
pubmed_primary_40420011
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_23134_z
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-05-26
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-05-26
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-05-26
  day: 26
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
– name: London
PublicationTitle BMC public health
PublicationTitleAlternate BMC Public Health
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd
BioMed Central
BMC
Publisher_xml – name: BioMed Central Ltd
– name: BioMed Central
– name: BMC
References D Mao (23134_CR9) 2024; 15
LW Li (23134_CR25) 2020; 32
23134_CR3
23134_CR1
23134_CR32
S Priebe (23134_CR19) 2021; 11
KE Carlyle (23134_CR48) 2019; 46
E Arenas-Arroyo (23134_CR49) 2021; 194
CM Lee (23134_CR34) 2020; 67
GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (23134_CR10) 2024; 403
C Lund (23134_CR30) 2018; 5
R Bannink (23134_CR50) 2014; 9
A Javed (23134_CR31) 2021; 58
MP Fay (23134_CR13) 1997; 16
GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (23134_CR14) 2022; 9
23134_CR40
RS Kennedy (23134_CR51) 2020; 55
KM Scott (23134_CR22) 2011; 68
SM Hartinger (23134_CR18) 2023; 20
N Roumeliotis (23134_CR16) 2024; 7
PR Menezess (23134_CR20) 2015; 72
KS Björkstén (23134_CR21) 2005; 133
G Schomerus (23134_CR29) 2012; 125
A Rogers (23134_CR7) 2020; 174
P Zeng (23134_CR8) 2024; 24
J Treasure (23134_CR37) 2020; 395
BPD Silva (23134_CR38) 2020; 73
Q Chen (23134_CR15) 2024; 14
M Mutambudzi (23134_CR39) 2017; 57
MK Andersen (23134_CR23) 2018; 284
A Biaggi (23134_CR6) 2024; 54
23134_CR53
23134_CR11
KT Ganson (23134_CR33) 2021; 68
H Gaffney (23134_CR52) 2019; 45
J Archer (23134_CR24) 2012; 10
J Lee (23134_CR28) 2022; 151
J George (23134_CR46) 2014; 53
Ä Mantel (23134_CR36) 2020; 77
MS Johnson (23134_CR44) 2024; 131
GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators (23134_CR12) 2024; 403
23134_CR17
K Johnson (23134_CR43) 2006; 55
HS Bezerra (23134_CR2) 2021; 42
G Barbalat (23134_CR27) 2020; 10
KM Albert (23134_CR5) 2019; 15
R Shidhaye (23134_CR41) 2020; 11
T Gylfason (23134_CR26) 2023; 65
MK Roddy (23134_CR47) 2018; 57
PS Chandra (23134_CR4) 2010; 22
H Gencer (23134_CR42) 2024; 19
A Vahratian (23134_CR35) 2021; 70
D Griffiths (23134_CR45) 2024; 24
References_xml – volume: 24
  start-page: 145
  issue: 1
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR45
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17632-1
– volume: 133
  start-page: 205
  issue: 2–3
  year: 2005
  ident: 23134_CR21
  publication-title: Psychiatry Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.12.002
– volume: 57
  start-page: 1129
  issue: 10
  year: 2017
  ident: 23134_CR39
  publication-title: Women Health
  doi: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1263273
– volume: 53
  start-page: 179
  issue: 2
  year: 2014
  ident: 23134_CR46
  publication-title: Fam Process
  doi: 10.1111/famp.12073
– volume: 70
  start-page: 490
  issue: 13
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR35
  publication-title: MMWR Morbidity Mortal Wkly Rep
  doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e2
– volume: 24
  start-page: 54
  issue: 1
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR8
  publication-title: BMC Womens Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-02888-5
– volume: 194
  start-page: 104350
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR49
  publication-title: J Public Econ
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104350
– volume: 11
  start-page: e052339
  issue: 9
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR19
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052339
– volume: 68
  start-page: 53
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR33
  publication-title: J Adolesc Health: Official Publication Soc Adolesc Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.008
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1457
  issue: 12
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR25
  publication-title: Int Psychogeriatr
  doi: 10.1017/S1041610219001509
– volume: 20
  start-page: 100470
  year: 2023
  ident: 23134_CR18
  publication-title: Lancet Reg Health Americas
  doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100470
– ident: 23134_CR32
– ident: 23134_CR17
– ident: 23134_CR3
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384978-6.00044-3
– volume: 19
  start-page: e0308381
  issue: 8
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR42
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308381
– volume: 11
  start-page: 598746
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR41
  publication-title: Front Psychiatry
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598746
– volume: 16
  start-page: 791
  issue: 7
  year: 1997
  ident: 23134_CR13
  publication-title: Stat Med
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970415)16:7<791::AID-SIM500>3.0.CO;2-#
– ident: 23134_CR40
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1604234
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR2
  publication-title: Public Health Rev
  doi: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604234
– volume: 22
  start-page: 513
  issue: 5
  year: 2010
  ident: 23134_CR4
  publication-title: Int Rev Psychiatry (Abingdon)
  doi: 10.3109/09540261.2010.516427
– volume: 131
  start-page: 103951
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR44
  publication-title: Midwifery
  doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.103951
– volume: 57
  start-page: 293
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 23134_CR47
  publication-title: Fam Process
  doi: 10.1111/famp.12291
– volume: 7
  start-page: e2422833
  issue: 7
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR16
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22833
– ident: 23134_CR1
– volume: 403
  start-page: 2162
  issue: 10440
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR12
  publication-title: Lancet (London England)
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00933-4
– volume: 284
  start-page: 464
  issue: 5
  year: 2018
  ident: 23134_CR23
  publication-title: J Intern Med
  doi: 10.1111/joim.12814
– volume: 395
  start-page: 899
  issue: 10227
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR37
  publication-title: Lancet (London England)
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30059-3
– volume: 77
  start-page: 285
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR36
  publication-title: JAMA Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3664
– volume: 58
  start-page: 102601
  year: 2021
  ident: 23134_CR31
  publication-title: Asian J Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102601
– volume: 403
  start-page: 2133
  issue: 10440
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR10
  publication-title: Lancet (London England)
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8
– volume: 68
  start-page: 838
  issue: 8
  year: 2011
  ident: 23134_CR22
  publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.77
– volume: 151
  start-page: 113
  year: 2022
  ident: 23134_CR28
  publication-title: J Psychiatr Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.018
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1433624
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR9
  publication-title: Front Endocrinol
  doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1433624
– volume: 54
  start-page: 823
  issue: 4
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR6
  publication-title: Psychol Med
  doi: 10.1017/S0033291723002568
– volume: 65
  start-page: 137
  issue: 1
  year: 2023
  ident: 23134_CR26
  publication-title: Comp Econ Stud
  doi: 10.1057/s41294-022-00188-1
– ident: 23134_CR11
– volume: 9
  start-page: 137
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  ident: 23134_CR14
  publication-title: Lancet Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3
– volume: 46
  start-page: 90
  issue: 2suppl
  year: 2019
  ident: 23134_CR48
  publication-title: Health Educ Behavior: Official Publication Soc Public Health Educ
  doi: 10.1177/1090198119873917
– volume: 55
  start-page: 101485
  issue: 101485
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR51
  publication-title: Aggress Violent Beh
  doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2020.101485
– volume: 73
  start-page: e20190823
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR38
  publication-title: Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem
  doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0823
– ident: 23134_CR53
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-067808K
– volume: 15
  start-page: 399
  year: 2019
  ident: 23134_CR5
  publication-title: Ann Rev Clin Psychol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095557
– volume: 67
  start-page: 714
  issue: 5
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR34
  publication-title: J Adolesc Health: Official Publication Soc Adolesc Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.009
– volume: 14
  start-page: 167
  issue: 1
  year: 2024
  ident: 23134_CR15
  publication-title: Translational Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02864-5
– volume: 10
  start-page: e035055
  issue: 4
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR27
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035055
– volume: 45
  start-page: 134
  year: 2019
  ident: 23134_CR52
  publication-title: Aggress Violent Beh
  doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.002
– volume: 174
  start-page: 1082
  issue: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: 23134_CR7
  publication-title: JAMA Pediatr
  doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910
– volume: 10
  start-page: Cd006525
  issue: 10
  year: 2012
  ident: 23134_CR24
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 5
  start-page: 357
  issue: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: 23134_CR30
  publication-title: Lancet Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30060-9
– volume: 125
  start-page: 440
  issue: 6
  year: 2012
  ident: 23134_CR29
  publication-title: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x
– volume: 55
  start-page: 1
  issue: Rr–6
  year: 2006
  ident: 23134_CR43
  publication-title: MMWR Recommendations Reports: Morbidity Mortal Wkly Rep Recommendations Rep
– volume: 9
  start-page: e94026
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 23134_CR50
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094026
– volume: 72
  start-page: 321
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 23134_CR20
  publication-title: Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba Argentina)
  doi: 10.31053/1853.0605.v72.n4.13842
SSID ssj0017852
Score 2.440729
Snippet Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next generation....
Background Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next...
BackgroundWomen of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the next...
Abstract Background Women of reproductive age (WRA), a key reproductive group, face mental health issues that impact both their own well-being and that of the...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 1943
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Age groups
Analysis
Anxiety disorders
Bullying
Care and treatment
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Diagnosis
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Disease
Domestic violence
Eating disorders
Female
Fertility
Global burden
Global Burden of Disease - trends
Global Health - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Infertility
Intimate partner violence
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental Disorders - epidemiology
Mental health
Mental illness
Mentally ill
Middle Aged
Pandemics
Population
Pregnancy, Complications of
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Prevention
Regions
Risk Factors
Schizophrenia
Software
Spatial disparities
Statistical analysis
Trend analysis
Trends
Variation
Victimization
Well being
Women of reproductive age
Womens health
Young Adult
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3NbtQwEB5BuSAhxD-BggYJiQMbdRPnx-GCCmKpkOBEpd4sxz-US1K620tPvAMvwXPxJMzYznYjJJRb7CSOZjzzjT3zGeAl6YyW3uuc0EOdV1abnPSmJ2NI3tsKT6CEC4U_f2mOjqtPJ_VJWnBbp7TKySYGQ21Hw2vkB6JknhhC78u3Zz9yPjWKd1fTERrX4UZBnoZTuuTq43YXoZV1ORXKyOZgTbaYE4RoUIRqRJVfzpxR4Oz_1zLvuKZ52uSOH1rdgdsJQOJhlPhduOaGe3Arrr5hLCq6D78jlf8C-dwFxtoL1IPFaeUP-1C8gKPHyO2PNpFwrjGcPoSBmIHbmfQycMKSVUSyPQssyLP8-fmrJLf9BjVeUUHTJyLBCT9HuBIj2cjOx9JuEAZOW-Q3PIDj1Yev74_ydCZDbuqi3eRtp731Takb3VnX-6J00rimFRTKuNrVRntphG-d444U7jRW2lbXztuq6KUUD2FvGAf3GNAR1un7li1GW2nR6dpWrjGlMGUtOmMzeD0JR51F6g0VQhbZqChKRaJUQZTqMoN3LL9tT6bNDjfG828qzUIlveiLonNu2enKe9sLWZGmUhhHYXThXQavWPqKJzeJ2OhUo0ADZposdcibtBRAL5cZ7M960qQ08-ZJf1QyCmt1pcIZvNg285Oc6Da48SL04auTTQaPorptf6kiA8sQPgM5U8TZP89bhu-ngTKcaeIIubZP_j-up3Cz5Omx5MzHfdjbnF-4ZwS6Nv3zMLP-AkhJLVg
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Global, regional, and national burden of mental disorders among women of reproductive age, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40420011
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3216561140
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3212121986
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12105157
https://doaj.org/article/8f3b119ee09a4ffdb3848ff0964021fe
Volume 25
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NbtQwEB5BuSChin8CZWUkJA5s1E2c2A63btWlQqJCFZVWXCzHPyqXLGK3l576DrwEz8WTMGMny0YcuKCVfFg7ieMZz3wTez4DvEadMSoEkyN6qPPKGZuj3rRoDNF7Ox4QlFCi8MczcXpRfVjWy52jvmhPWKIHTgN3qAJvi6LxftaYKgTXclXhzRF5Y-RTBE_WF33eEEz16wdS1eWQIqPE4RqtMG0Nwu4gnuFVfj1yQ5Gt_2-bvOOUxhsmdzzQ4j7s99CRHaUuP4BbvnsI99J3N5bSiR7Bz0TiP2V04gKh7CkznWPDNz_WxrQFtgossfoz19Nvrlk8d4hFSgaqJ7rLyAaL9pCh1ZmyAn3Kr5sfJY7IO2bYHxJofESiNqHrEFGyRDOy87B-HYhFNltGd3gMF4uTz8eneX8aQ27rQm5y2ZjggiiNMI3zbShKr6wXkmMQ42tfWxOU5UF6Tw0x0BFOOWlqH1xVtErxJ7DXrTr_DJhHlNO2kmyFrAxvTO0qL2zJbVnzxroM3g7C0d8S6YaOwYoSOolSoyh1FKW-zmBO8tu2JMLs-Aeqke7VSP9LjTJ4Q9LXNK1RxNb02QnYYSLI0ke0PIuh82yWwcGoJU5HO64e9Ef35mCteUkkRxh6YvWrbTVdSVvcOr-6im3o1yiRwdOkbttXqtC0EnjPQI0UcfTO45ru62UkCyeCOMSs8vn_GKUXcLekSTSjnZEHsLf5fuVfIijbtBO4LZcSS3VcULl4P4E785OzT-eTODOxPJ9_-Q0a6zvB
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3JbtRAEC2FcAAJIXYMARoJxIGxYru9tJEQCsswIcspkXJr2r0kXDwhMxEiJ_6Bn-DER_ElVHXbk7GQuEVzm26vtb1yd70CeIY6o4RzKkb0UMS5UTpGvWnQGWL0NtwhKKFC4Z3dcrKffzooDlbgd18LQ9sqe5_oHbWZavpGvs4z4olB9J68Of4aU9coWl3tW2gEtdiy379hyjZ7vfke5fs8y8Yf9t5N4q6rQKyLtJrHVa2ccWWmSlUb27g0s0LbsuIIxm1hC62c0NxV1tJEBOylEaZShXUmTxshOJ73ElzOOUZyqkwff1ysWlSiyPrCHFGuz9D304YkfAmIongenw2Cn-8R8G8kWAqFw22aS3FvfAOud4CVbQQNuwkrtr0F18LXPhaKmG7Dr9A6YMSozwNh-xFTrWH9l0bW-GIJNnUs9BJgpiP9nDHf7Yh5IggaJ5JNz0GLXpihrxuxFCPZnx8_M4QJr5hi59TTeIlAqELHIY5lgdxk6WLd6hPzHLqMznAH9i9EWndhtZ229j4wi9iqaSryUFWueK0Kk9tSZ1xnBa-1ieBlLxx5HKg-pE-RRCmDKCWKUnpRyrMI3pL8FjOJptv_MT05lJ3VS-F4k6a1tUmtcudMw0WOloFpI6btqbMRvCDpS3ImKGKtupoIvGGi5ZIbtCiMCXuSRLA2mIlOQA-He_2RnROayXOTieDpYpiOpI11rZ2e-jn0q0UZwb2gbotHytGhU8oQgRgo4uCZhyPtlyNPUU60dIiUqwf_v68ncGWyt7Mttzd3tx7C1YxMJaFdl2uwOj85tY8Q8M2bx97KGHy-aLP-C1-CbUQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+burden+of+mental+disorders+among+women+of+reproductive+age%2C+1990%E2%80%932021%3A+a+systematic+analysis+of+the+global+burden+of+disease+study+2021&rft.jtitle=BMC+public+health&rft.au=Yifan+Cheng&rft.au=Yutong+Zhao&rft.au=Ziqing+Xu&rft.au=Shuaibing+Wang&rft.date=2025-05-26&rft.pub=BMC&rft.eissn=1471-2458&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=15&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12889-025-23134-z&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_8f3b119ee09a4ffdb3848ff0964021fe
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1471-2458&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1471-2458&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1471-2458&client=summon