Ultrafast dynamics of electrons and phonons: from the two-temperature model to the time-dependent Boltzmann equation

• Published in: Advances in physics: X Vol. 7; no. 1
• Main Authors: Caruso, Fabio, Novko, Dino
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 31.12.2022; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: Ab-initio methods; Boltzmann transport equation; carrier thermalization; Dynamics; electron-phonon coupling; Electrons; Materials science; Phonons; Solid state physics; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Thermalization (energy absorption); Time dependence; time-dependent boltzmann equation; two-temperature model; ultrafast dynamics
• ISSN: 2374-6149; 2374-6149
• DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2095925

The advent of pump-probe spectroscopy techniques paved the way to the exploration of ultrafast dynamics of electrons and phonons in crystalline solids. Following photo-absorption of a pump pulse and the initial electronic thermalization, the dynamics of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom is dominated by electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering processes. The two-temperature model (TTM) and its generalizations provide valuable tools to describe these phenomena and the ensuing coupled dynamics of electrons and phonons. While more sophisticated theoretical approaches are nowadays available, the conceptual and computational simplicity of the TTM makes it the method of choice to model thermalization processes in pump-probe spectroscopy, and it keeps being widely applied in both experimental and theoretical studies. In the domain of ab-initio methods, the time-dependent Boltzmann equation (TDBE) ameliorates many of the shortcomings of the TTM and enables a realistic and parameter-free description of ultrafast phenomena with full momentum resolution. After a pedagogical introduction to the TTM and TDBE, in this manuscript we review their application to the description of ultrafast process in solid-state physics and materials science as well as their theoretical foundation.