Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides in tailored fluoride glasses: an enabling technology for mid-infrared integrated photonics devices

Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change o...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 14674
Main Authors Fernandez, Toney T., Johnston, B., Gross, S., Cozic, S., Poulain, M., Mahmodi, H., Kabakova, I., Withford, M., Fuerbach, A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.08.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/301/1005
639/301/1019
639/624/1020/1095
639/624/1107
639/638/298/398
Fabrication
Fibers
Fluorides
Hafnium
Humanities and Social Sciences
Inscriptions
Lasers
multidisciplinary
Photonics
Physical sciences
Polarizability
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Zirconium
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Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to 10 −2 can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses during ultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electron cloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formers with contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguides that support a well confined 3.1 μm wavelength mode with a mode-field diameter (MFD) as small as 12 μm have successfully been fabricated. These findings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonic devices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.
AbstractList Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to 10 −2 can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses during ultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electron cloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formers with contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguides that support a well confined 3.1 μm wavelength mode with a mode-field diameter (MFD) as small as 12 μm have successfully been fabricated. These findings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonic devices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.
Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to 10 −2 can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses during ultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electron cloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formers with contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguides that support a well confined 3.1 μm wavelength mode with a mode-field diameter (MFD) as small as 12 μm have successfully been fabricated. These findings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonic devices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.
Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to 10−2 can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses during ultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electron cloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formers with contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguides that support a well confined 3.1 μm wavelength mode with a mode-field diameter (MFD) as small as 12 μm have successfully been fabricated. These findings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonic devices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.
Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high index-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. We demonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to 10−2 can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses during ultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electron cloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formers with contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguides that support a well confined 3.1 μm wavelength mode with a mode-field diameter (MFD) as small as 12 μm have successfully been fabricated. These findings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonic devices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.
ArticleNumber 14674
Author Fernandez, Toney T.
Poulain, M.
Fuerbach, A.
Gross, S.
Mahmodi, H.
Kabakova, I.
Johnston, B.
Withford, M.
Cozic, S.
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  organization: MQ Photonics Research Centre, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University
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  surname: Fuerbach
  fullname: Fuerbach, A.
  organization: MQ Photonics Research Centre, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_photonics10040380
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2023_12_183
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SSID ssj0000529419
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Snippet Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of high...
Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of...
Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-based mid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of...
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StartPage 14674
SubjectTerms 639/301/1005
639/301/1019
639/624/1020/1095
639/624/1107
639/638/298/398
Fabrication
Fibers
Fluorides
Hafnium
Humanities and Social Sciences
Inscriptions
Lasers
multidisciplinary
Photonics
Physical sciences
Polarizability
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Zirconium
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Title Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides in tailored fluoride glasses: an enabling technology for mid-infrared integrated photonics devices
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-022-18701-y
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2707731588
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2708258192
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9424227
https://doaj.org/article/cdf7ecc443e84f88afeb3aaedf3c27d4
Volume 12
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