Design and In Vitro Interference Test of Microwave Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Sensor
A design of a microwave noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring sensor and its interference test results are presented. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that it comprises two spatially separated split-ring resonators, where one interacts with the change in glucose level of a sample unde...
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| Published in | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 63; no. 10; pp. 3016 - 3025 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
IEEE
01.10.2015
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A design of a microwave noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring sensor and its interference test results are presented. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that it comprises two spatially separated split-ring resonators, where one interacts with the change in glucose level of a sample under test while the other ring is used as a reference. The reference ring has a slightly different resonant frequency and is desensitized to the sample owing to its location, thus allowing changes in temperature to be calibrated out. From an oral glucose tolerance test with two additional commercially available sensors (blood strip and continuous glucose monitor) in parallel, we obtained encouraging performance for our sensor comparable with those of the commercial sensors. The effects of endogenous interferents common to all subjects, i.e., common sugars, vitamins (ascorbic acid), and metabolites (uric acid) have also been investigated by using a large Franz cell assembly. From the interference test, it is shown that the change in sensor response is dominated by changes in glucose level for concentrations relevant to blood, and the effects of interferents are negligible in comparison. |
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| AbstractList | A design of a microwave noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring sensor and its interference test results are presented. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that it comprises two spatially separated split-ring resonators, where one interacts with the change in glucose level of a sample under test while the other ring is used as a reference. The reference ring has a slightly different resonant frequency and is desensitized to the sample owing to its location, thus allowing changes in temperature to be calibrated out. From an oral glucose tolerance test with two additional commercially available sensors (blood strip and continuous glucose monitor) in parallel, we obtained encouraging performance for our sensor comparable with those of the commercial sensors. The effects of endogenous interferents common to all subjects, i.e., common sugars, vitamins (ascorbic acid), and metabolites (uric acid) have also been investigated by using a large Franz cell assembly. From the interference test, it is shown that the change in sensor response is dominated by changes in glucose level for concentrations relevant to blood, and the effects of interferents are negligible in comparison. A design of a microwave noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring sensor and its interference test results are presented. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that it comprises two spatially separated split-ring resonators, where one interacts with the change in glucose level of a sample under test while the other ring is used as a reference. The reference ring has a slightly different resonant frequency and is desensitized to the sample owing to its location, thus allowing changes in temperature to be calibrated out. From an oral glucose tolerance test with two additional commercially available sensors (blood strip and continuous glucose monitor) in parallel, we obtained encouraging performance for our sensor comparable with those of the commercial sensors. The effects of endogenous interferents common to all subjects, i.e., common sugars, vitamins (ascorbic acid), and metabolites (uric acid) have also been investigated by using a large Franz cell assembly. From the interference test, it is shown that the change in sensor response is dominated by changes in glucose level for concentrations relevant to blood, and the effects of interferents are negligible in comparison.A design of a microwave noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring sensor and its interference test results are presented. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that it comprises two spatially separated split-ring resonators, where one interacts with the change in glucose level of a sample under test while the other ring is used as a reference. The reference ring has a slightly different resonant frequency and is desensitized to the sample owing to its location, thus allowing changes in temperature to be calibrated out. From an oral glucose tolerance test with two additional commercially available sensors (blood strip and continuous glucose monitor) in parallel, we obtained encouraging performance for our sensor comparable with those of the commercial sensors. The effects of endogenous interferents common to all subjects, i.e., common sugars, vitamins (ascorbic acid), and metabolites (uric acid) have also been investigated by using a large Franz cell assembly. From the interference test, it is shown that the change in sensor response is dominated by changes in glucose level for concentrations relevant to blood, and the effects of interferents are negligible in comparison. |
| Author | Naylon, Jack Martin, Chris Luzio, Steve Birchall, James Porch, Adrian Choi, Heungjae Beutler, Jan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Heungjae surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Heungjae email: ChoiH1@cardiff.ac.uk organization: School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Jack surname: Naylon fullname: Naylon, Jack email: JackAlexander.Naylon@eli-beams.eu organization: School of Engineering, Cardiff University – sequence: 3 givenname: Steve surname: Luzio fullname: Luzio, Steve email: S.Luzio@swansea.ac.uk organization: Swansea University, Swansea, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Jan surname: Beutler fullname: Beutler, Jan organization: School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: James surname: Birchall fullname: Birchall, James email: birchalljc@cardiff.ac.uk organization: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Chris surname: Martin fullname: Martin, Chris organization: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Adrian surname: Porch fullname: Porch, Adrian organization: School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26568639$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Biomedical sensors Blood dielectric measurements emerging application for RF/microwaves Glucose material characterization Microwave measurement microwave sensors Microwave theory and techniques Monitoring Sensors Sugar Temperature measurement Temperature sensors |
| Title | Design and In Vitro Interference Test of Microwave Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Sensor |
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