Thermodynamics, economy and environment analyses and optimization of series, parallel, dual-loop Kalina cycles for double-source heat recovery in cement industry

This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 20; no. 2; p. e0315972
Main Authors Wang, Yali, Xu, Yongjun, Qiu, Yongliang, Ning, Shengwang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 21.02.2025
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Abstract This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system’s thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output ( W net ) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost ( EPC ) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load ( EIL ) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding W net of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPE China,90 /kWh, 0.0599 mPE China,90 /kW and 0.0593 mPE China,90 /kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.
AbstractList This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system's thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output (Wnet) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost (EPC) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load (EIL) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding Wnet of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPEChina,90/kWh, 0.0599 mPEChina,90/kW and 0.0593 mPEChina,90/kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.
This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system’s thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output ( W net ) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost ( EPC ) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load ( EIL ) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding W net of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPE China,90 /kWh, 0.0599 mPE China,90 /kW and 0.0593 mPE China,90 /kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.
This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system's thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output (Wnet) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost (EPC) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load (EIL) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding Wnet of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPEChina,90/kWh, 0.0599 mPEChina,90/kW and 0.0593 mPEChina,90/kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC)、parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system's thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output (Wnet) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost (EPC) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load (EIL) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding Wnet of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPEChina,90/kWh, 0.0599 mPEChina,90/kW and 0.0593 mPEChina,90/kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.
This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic cycles including series Kalina Cycle (S-KC), parallel Kalina Cycle (P-KC) and dual-loop Kalina Cycle (DL-KC) are introduced for converting dual-source heat resources into power to enhance the system efficiency for cement production process. Firstly, the multi-layer comprehensive evaluation models are established for the three thermodynamic cycles. Then, the parametric studies are implemented to estimate the influences of six key parameters on the system's thermodynamic-economic-environmental performances. Meanwhile, optimization investigations consisting of thermodynamic optimal design (TOD), thermodynamic and economic optimal design (TEOD), and thermodynamic, economic and environmental optimal design (TEEOD) are considered, and the performances of systems and components are compared under three optimal design scenarios. The results prove that, for S-KC, P-KC and DL-KC, the higher net power output (W.sub.net) can be gained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature and regenerator temperature difference, and increasing evaporator temperature difference and superheat degree, the lower electricity production cost (EPC) can be acquired with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, evaporator temperature difference and regenerator temperature difference, while the less environment impact load (EIL) can be attained with decreasing condenser outlet temperature, regenerator temperature difference and basic ammonia concentration, and increasing superheat degree. In addition, under TOD, TEOD and TEEOD scenarios, DL-KC is the best selection from the thermodynamic, economic and environmental perspectives, with the corresponding W.sub.net of 7166 kW, 6904 kW and 6838 kW, the EPC of 0.00476 $/kWh, 0.00369 $/kWh and 0.00362$/kWh, the EIL of 0.0597 mPE.sub.China,90 /kWh, 0.0599 mPE.sub.China,90 /kW and 0.0593 mPE.sub.China,90 /kW. It also identifies that the evaporator unit is the key component contributing to exergy destruction and investment cost for three systems, while the pump has the maximum influence on environmental performance.
Audience Academic
Author Ning, Shengwang
Xu, Yongjun
Wang, Yali
Qiu, Yongliang
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39982869$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2025 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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– notice: 2025 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet This research aims to investigate the heat recovery of both suspension preheater flue gas and clinker cooler hot air in cement industry. Three thermodynamic...
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SubjectTerms Ammonia
Analysis
Capacitors
Cement
Cement industry
Cement plants
Clinker
Coal-fired power plants
Construction Industry - economics
Construction Industry - methods
Construction Materials
Design
Design optimization
Economics
Electric power generation
Electricity
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Energy use
Environmental aspects
Environmental performance
Evaporation
Evaporators
Exergy
Flue gas
Gases
Heat
Heat recovery
Heat recovery systems
Heating equipment
Hot Temperature
Impact loads
Industrial plant emissions
Investigations
Kalina cycle
Methods
Models, Theoretical
Multilayers
Optimization
Payback periods
Production costs
Production processes
Regenerators
Temperature
Temperature gradients
Thermodynamic cycles
Thermodynamics
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Title Thermodynamics, economy and environment analyses and optimization of series, parallel, dual-loop Kalina cycles for double-source heat recovery in cement industry
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39982869
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3169426026
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3169506451
https://doaj.org/article/40c31b07ddef46a4beada7417f27b61d
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315972
Volume 20
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